Clinically, we apply synthetic glucocorticoids to treat fetal and maternal diseases, such as premature labor and autoimmune diseases. Although its clinical efficacy is positive, the fetus will be exposed to exogenous synthetic glucocorticoids. Prenatal adverse environments (such as xenobiotics exposure, malnutrition, infection, hypoxia and stress) can cause fetuses overexposure to excessive endogenous maternal glucocorticoids. The level of glucocorticoids is the key to fetal tissue maturation and postnatal fate. A large number of studies have found that prenatal glucocorticoids exposure can lead to fetal adrenal dysplasia and dysfunction, continuing after birth and even into adulthood. As the core organ of fetal-originated adult diseases, fetal adrenal dysplasia is closely related to the susceptibility and occurrence of multiple chronic diseases, and there are also obvious gender differences. However, its intrauterine programming mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes recent advances in prenatal glucocorticoids exposure and fetal adrenal developmental programming alterations, which is of great significance for explaining adrenal developmental toxicity and the intrauterine origin of fetal-originated adult diseases.

中文翻译：

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产前糖皮质激素暴露和胎儿肾上腺发育规划。

在临床上，我们将合成糖皮质激素用于治疗胎儿和产妇疾病，例如早产和自身免疫性疾病。尽管其临床疗效是肯定的，但胎儿仍会暴露于外源性合成糖皮质激素。产前不利环境（如异种生物暴露，营养不良，感染，缺氧和压力）可导致胎儿过度暴露于过量的内源性孕产妇糖皮质激素。糖皮质激素的水平是胎儿组织成熟和出生后命运的关键。大量研究发现，产前糖皮质激素的暴露可导致胎儿肾上腺发育不良和功能障碍，在出生后甚至持续到成年。作为胎儿起源的成人疾病的核心器官，胎儿肾上腺发育不良与多种慢性疾病的易感性和发生密切相关，而且也存在明显的性别差异。但是，其子宫内编程机制尚未完全阐明。这篇综述总结了产前糖皮质激素暴露和胎儿肾上腺发育程序改变的最新进展，这对于解释肾上腺发育毒性和胎儿起源的成人疾病的宫内起源具有重要意义。