AIM: Anthropogenic noise pollution (ANP) is a globally invasive phenomenon impacting natural systems, but most research has occurred at local scales with few species. We investigated continental‐scale breeding season associations with ANP for 322 bird species to test whether small‐scale predictions related to breeding habitat, migratory behaviour, body mass and vocal traits are consistent at broad spatial extents for an extensive group of species. LOCATION: Conterminous USA. TIME PERIOD: 2004–2011. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: North American breeding birds. METHODS: We calculated, for each species, the association between the breeding season and ANP, using spatially explicit estimates of ANP from the National Park Service and weekly estimates of probabilities of occurrence based on observations from the eBird citizen‐science database. We evaluated how the association of the breeding season for each species with ANP was related to expectations based on size, migratory behaviour and breeding habitat. For a subset of species, we used vocal trait data for song duration, pitch and complexity to evaluate hypotheses from the birdsong literature related to habitat complexity and sensitivity to ANP. RESULTS: Species that breed predominantly in anthropogenic environments were associated with twice the level of ANP (~7.4 dB) as species breeding in forested habitats (~3.2 dB). However, we did not find evidence to suggest that birds with higher‐pitched songs are more likely to be found in areas with higher levels of ANP. Residents and migratory species did not differ in associations with ANP, but songs were less complex among forest‐breeding species than non‐forest‐breeding species and increased in complexity with increasing ANP. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Anthropogenic noise pollution is an important factor associated with breeding distributions of bird species in North America. Vocal traits could be useful to understand factors that affect sensitivity to ANP and to predict the potential impact of ANP, although future studies should aim to understand how and why patterns differ across spatial scales.

中文翻译：

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北美种鸟与人为噪声污染的地理关联

目的：人为噪声污染 (ANP) 是一种影响自然系统的全球入侵现象，但大多数研究都发生在局部范围内，物种很少。我们调查了大陆尺度繁殖季节与 322 种鸟类的 ANP 关联，以测试与繁殖栖息地、迁徙行为、体重和声音特征相关的小规模预测是否在广泛的空间范围内对广泛的物种群保持一致。地点：美国本土。时间段：2004-2011。研究的主要类群：北美种鸟。方法：我们计算了每个物种的繁殖季节和 ANP 之间的关联，使用来自国家公园管理局的 ANP 空间显性估计和基于 eBird 公民科学数据库观察的每周发生概率估计。我们评估了每个物种的繁殖季节与 ANP 的关联如何与基于大小、迁徙行为和繁殖栖息地的预期相关。对于一部分物种，我们使用了歌曲持续时间、音高和复杂性的声音特征数据来评估鸟鸣文献中与栖息地复杂性和对 ANP 敏感性相关的假设。结果：主要在人为环境中繁殖的物种的 ANP 水平 (~7.4 dB) 是在森林栖息地繁殖的物种 (~3.2 dB) 的两倍。然而，我们没有发现证据表明在 ANP 水平较高的地区更有可能发现鸣叫较高的鸟类。居民和迁徙物种与 ANP 的关联没有差异，但森林育种物种之间的歌曲不如非森林育种物种复杂，并且随着 ANP 的增加而增加复杂性。主要结论：人为噪声污染是与北美鸟类繁殖分布相关的重要因素。声音特征可能有助于了解影响 ANP 敏感性的因素并预测 ANP 的潜在影响，尽管未来的研究应旨在了解模式在空间尺度上如何以及为何不同。