There are nearly 70,000 new cancer diagnoses made annually in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in the United States. Historically, AYA patients with cancer, aged 15 to 39 years, have not shown the same improved survival as older or younger cohorts. This article reviews the contemporary cancer incidence and survival data through 2015 for the AYA patient population based on the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry program and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data through 2016 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics are also described. Encouragingly, absolute and relative increases in 5‐year survival for AYA cancers have paralleled those of childhood cancers since the year 2000. There has been increasing attention to these vulnerable patients and improved partnerships and collaboration between adult and pediatric oncology; however, obstacles to the care of this population still occur at multiple levels. These vulnerabilities fall into 3 significant categories: research efforts and trial enrollment directed toward AYA malignancies, access to care and insurance coverage, and AYA‐specific psychosocial support. It is critical for providers and health care delivery systems to recognize that the AYA population remains vulnerable to provider and societal complacency.

中文翻译：

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青少年和青年肿瘤学——过去、现在和未来

在美国，每年有近 70,000 例新的癌症诊断在青少年和青年 (AYAs) 中进行。从历史上看，年龄在 15 至 39 岁之间的 AYA 癌症患者并未显示出与年龄较大或较年轻的队列相同的改善的生存率。本文根据美国国家癌症研究所的监测、流行病学和最终结果注册计划和北美中央癌症注册协会，回顾了截至 2015 年 AYA 患者人群的当代癌症发病率和生存数据。还描述了疾病控制和预防中心国家卫生统计中心 2016 年的死亡率数据。令人鼓舞的是，自 2000 年以来，AYA 癌症的 5 年生存率的绝对和相对增长与儿童癌症的增长平行。人们越来越关注这些易受伤害的患者，并改善了成人和儿科肿瘤学之间的伙伴关系和合作；然而，照顾这一人口的障碍仍然存在于多个层面。这些脆弱性分为 3 个重要类别：针对 AYA 恶性肿瘤的研究工作和试验注册、获得护理和保险以​​及 AYA 特定的社会心理支持。供应商和医疗保健提供系统必须认识到 AYA 人群仍然容易受到供应商和社会自满的影响。针对 AYA 恶性肿瘤的研究工作和试验注册，获得护理和保险，以及 AYA 特定的社会心理支持。供应商和医疗保健提供系统必须认识到 AYA 人群仍然容易受到供应商和社会自满的影响。针对 AYA 恶性肿瘤的研究工作和试验注册，获得护理和保险，以及 AYA 特定的社会心理支持。供应商和医疗保健提供系统必须认识到 AYA 人群仍然容易受到供应商和社会自满的影响。