Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are associated with cardiac autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal from the heart. Increased parasympathetic activity by electrical vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the case of cardiovascular diseases in both animals and patients by improving autonomic function, cardiac remodelling and mitochondrial function. However, clinical limitations for electrical vagal nerve stimulation exist because of its invasive nature, costly equipment and limited clinical validation. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which moderate parasympathetic activities could be beneficial for in the case of cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hence increase cholinergic transmission. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve autonomic function and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease models. Despite its potential clinical benefits for cardiovascular disease patients, the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure remediation remains unclear. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure scenarios from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical reports. The mechanisms involved are also discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂在急性心肌梗塞和心力衰竭中对心脏的影响：从细胞到患者的报告。

心血管疾病仍然是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因。心血管疾病，例如急性心肌梗塞，缺血/再灌注损伤和心力衰竭，与以自主神经过度交感和副交感神经退缩为特征的心脏自主神经失调有关。迷走神经电刺激增加的副交感神经活动已被证明可通过改善自主功能，心脏重塑和线粒体功能，在动物和患者的心血管疾病中提供有益的作用。然而，由于迷走神经电刺激的侵入性，昂贵的设备和有限的临床验证，存在对迷走神经电刺激的临床限制。所以，在心血管疾病的情况下，适度的副交感神经活动的新型治疗方法可能是有益的。乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂可抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶，从而增加胆碱能传递。最近的研究报道，乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂可改善心血管疾病模型中的自主神经功能和心脏功能。尽管它对心血管疾病患者具有潜在的临床益处，但是乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂在急性心肌梗塞和心力衰竭修复中的作用仍不清楚。本文全面回顾了乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂在急性心肌梗塞和心力衰竭情况下对心脏的影响，从体内和体外研究到临床报告均如此。本文还讨论了涉及的机制。