A large and significant portion of eukaryotic transcriptomes consists of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have minimal or no protein-coding capacity but are functional. Diverse ncRNAs, including both small RNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play essential regulatory roles in almost all biological processes by modulating gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant small RNAs and lncRNAs, with a focus on their biogenesis, modes of action, local and systemic movement, and functions at the nexus of plant development and environmental responses. The complex connections among small RNAs, lncRNAs, and small peptides in plants are also discussed, along with the challenges of identifying and investigating new classes of ncRNAs.

中文翻译：

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植物非编码RNA：发育和胁迫反应的隐性参与者。

很大一部分真核转录组由非编码RNA（ncRNA）组成，它们具有极少的蛋白质编码能力或没有蛋白质编码能力，但具有功能。多样化的ncRNA，包括小ncRNA和长ncRNA（lncRNA），通过在转录和转录后水平上调节基因表达，在几乎所有生物过程中都起着重要的调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了植物小RNA和lncRNA的当前知识，重点是它们的生物发生，作用方式，局部和系统运动以及在植物发育和环境响应之间的功能。还讨论了植物中小RNA，lncRNA和小肽之间的复杂联系，以及鉴定和研究新型ncRNA的挑战。