Autophagy is the major cellular pathway to degrade dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy is particularly important in neurons, which are terminally differentiated cells that must last the lifetime of the organism. There are both constitutive and stress-induced pathways for autophagy in neurons, which catalyze the turnover of aged or damaged mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, other cellular organelles, and aggregated proteins. These pathways are required in neurodevelopment as well as in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. Here we review the core components of the pathway for autophagosome biogenesis, as well as the cell biology of bulk and selective autophagy in neurons. Finally, we discuss the role of autophagy in neuronal development, homeostasis, and aging and the links between deficits in autophagy and neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

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神经元中的自噬。

自噬是降解功能失调的细胞器和蛋白质聚集体的主要细胞途径。自噬在神经元中尤其重要，神经元是必须持续生物体寿命的终末分化细胞。神经元有自噬的本构性途径和应激诱导途径，它们催化衰老或受损的线粒体，内质网，其他细胞器和聚集蛋白的更新。这些途径在神经发育以及神经元体内平衡的维持中是必需的。在这里，我们审查了自噬生物发生途径的核心组成部分，以及神经元中大量和选择性自噬的细胞生物学。最后，我们讨论自噬在神经元发育，体内稳态，