Concerns regarding sex differences are increasingly pertinent in scientific and societal arenas. Although biological sex and socio-cultural gender are increasingly recognized as important modulators of renal function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in renal pathophysiology, disease development, progression and management. In this Perspectives article, we discuss specific opportunities for future research aimed at addressing these knowledge gaps. Such opportunities include the development of standardized core data elements and outcomes related to sex for use in clinical studies to establish a connection between sex hormones and renal disease development or progression, development of a knowledge portal to promote fundamental understanding of physiological differences between male and female kidneys in animal models and in humans, and the creation of new or the development of existing resources and datasets to make them more readily available for interrogation of sex differences. These ideas are intended to stimulate thought and interest among the renal research community as they consider sex as a biological variable in future research projects.

中文翻译：

---

性与肾脏：当前的理解和研究机会。

在科学和社会领域，对性别差异的关注越来越重要。尽管生物性别和社会文化性别越来越被认为是生理和病理生理条件下肾功能的重要调节剂，但我们对肾脏病理生理、疾病发展、进展和管理中性别差异的潜在机制的理解仍然存在差距。在这篇 Perspectives 文章中，我们讨论了旨在解决这些知识差距的未来研究的具体机会。这些机会包括开发与性有关的标准化核心数据元素和结果，用于临床研究，以建立性激素与肾脏疾病发展或进展之间的联系，开发一个知识门户，以促进对动物模型和人类中男性和女性肾脏生理差异的基本理解，并创建新的或开发现有资源和数据集，使其更容易用于研究性别差异。这些想法旨在激发肾脏研究界的思考和兴趣，因为他们将性视为未来研究项目中的生物学变量。