Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.

中文翻译：

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用于检测和表征循环稀有细胞的纳米结构基质：从材料研究到临床应用。

血液中循环的稀有细胞对于材料研究和临床应用都具有重要意义。例如，已经证明循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）是用于肿瘤“液体活检”的有用的生物标记。循环胎儿有核细胞（CFNC）在非侵入性产前诊断中已显示出潜力。然而，与血液细胞相比，由于其极低的丰度，检测和分离循环中的稀有细胞在技术上具有挑战性。纳米结构的底物通过提供局部形貌相互作用来增强细胞粘附力和用于捕获捕获剂的大表面积，从而提供了解决这些挑战的独特解决方案，从而提高了细胞捕获效率，纯度，灵敏度和可重复性。此外，稀有细胞检索策略 包括刺激反应性和添加剂触发的在不同纳米结构底物上的释放，允许按需检索具有高细胞活力和分子完整性的捕获的CTC / CFNC。从枚举和亚分类到分子分析，人们观察到了几种启用了纳米结构的可启用底物的CTC / CFNC分析方法。这些有一天可能成为疾病诊断，预后预测和动态监测治疗反应的有力工具，从而为个性化医疗服务铺平了道路。从枚举和亚分类到分子分析，人们观察到了几种启用了纳米结构的可启用底物的CTC / CFNC分析方法。这些有一天可能成为疾病诊断，预后预测和动态监测治疗反应的有力工具，从而为个性化医疗服务铺平了道路。从枚举和亚分类到分子分析，人们观察到了几种启用了纳米结构的可启用底物的CTC / CFNC分析方法。这些有一天可能成为疾病诊断，预后预测和动态监测治疗反应的有力工具，从而为个性化医疗服务铺平了道路。