Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a complex and heterogeneous population of cells within the tumor microenvironment. In many tumor types, TAMs contribute toward tumor malignancy and are therefore a therapeutic target of interest. Here, three major strategies for regulating TAMs are highlighted, emphasizing the role of biomaterials in these approaches. First, systemic methods for targeting tumor-associated macrophage are summarized and limitations to both passive and active targeting approaches considered. Second, lessons learned from the significant literature on wound healing and macrophage response to implanted biomaterials are discussed with the vision of applying these principles to localized, biomaterial-based modulation of tumor-associated macrophage. Finally, the developing field of engineered macrophages, including genetic engineering and integration with biomaterials or drug delivery systems, is examined. Analysis of major challenges in the field along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage-based therapies in oncology are included.

中文翻译：

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用生物材料调节肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的进展。

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）是肿瘤微环境中复杂且异质的细胞群。在许多肿瘤类型中，TAM 会导致肿瘤恶性，因此是人们感兴趣的治疗靶点。这里强调了调节 TAM 的三个主要策略，强调了生物材料在这些方法中的作用。首先，总结了靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的系统方法，并考虑了被动和主动靶向方法的局限性。其次，讨论了从有关伤口愈合和巨噬细胞对植入生物材料的反应的重要文献中吸取的经验教训，旨在将这些原理应用于肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的基于生物材料的局部调节。最后，研究了工程巨噬细胞的发展领域，包括基因工程和与生物材料或药物输送系统的整合。其中包括对该领域主要挑战的分析以及肿瘤学中基于巨噬细胞的疗法的未来令人兴奋的机遇。