Neuroendocrine neoplasms constitute a diverse group of tumors that derive from the sensory and secretory neuroendocrine cells and predominantly arise within the pulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts. The majority of these neoplasms have a well-differentiated grade and are termed neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This subgroup is characterized by limited proliferation and patients affected by these tumors carry a good to moderate prognosis. A substantial subset of patients presenting with a NET suffer from the consequences of endocrine syndromes as a result of the excessive secretion of amines or peptide hormones, which can impair their quality of life and prognosis. Over the past 15 years, critical developments in tumor grading, diagnostic biomarkers, radionuclide imaging, randomized controlled drug trials, evidence-based guidelines, and superior prognostic outcomes have substantially altered the field of NET care. Here, we review the relevant advances to clinical practice that have significantly upgraded our approach to NET patients, both in diagnostic and in therapeutic options.

中文翻译：

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分化良好的神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断和治疗进展

神经内分泌肿瘤是由感觉和分泌性神经内分泌细胞衍生并主要在肺和胃肠道内形成的多种肿瘤。这些肿瘤大多数具有高度分化的等级，被称为神经内分泌肿瘤（NETs）。该亚组的特征是增殖受限，受这些肿瘤影响的患者预后良好。胺类或肽类激素分泌过多会导致内分泌综合征，这会严重影响患者的生活质量和预后。在过去的15年中，肿瘤分级，诊断性生物标志物，放射性核素显像，随机对照药物试验，循证指南，良好的预后结果大大改变了NET护理领域。在这里，我们回顾了临床实践的相关进展，这些进展显着提升了我们在诊断和治疗选择方面对NET患者的治疗方法。