Current electrophysiological or optical techniques cannot reliably perform simultaneous intracellular recordings from more than a few tens of neurons. Here we report a nanoelectrode array that can simultaneously obtain intracellular recordings from thousands of connected mammalian neurons in vitro. The array consists of 4,096 platinum-black electrodes with nanoscale roughness fabricated on top of a silicon chip that monolithically integrates 4,096 microscale amplifiers, configurable into pseudocurrent-clamp mode (for concurrent current injection and voltage recording) or into pseudovoltage-clamp mode (for concurrent voltage application and current recording). We used the array in pseudovoltage-clamp mode to measure the effects of drugs on ion-channel currents. In pseudocurrent-clamp mode, the array intracellularly recorded action potentials and postsynaptic potentials from thousands of neurons. In addition, we mapped over 300 excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections from more than 1,700 neurons that were intracellularly recorded for 19 min. This high-throughput intracellular-recording technology could benefit functional connectome mapping, electrophysiological screening and other functional interrogations of neuronal networks.

中文翻译：

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用于从数千个连接的神经元获得细胞内记录的纳米电极阵列。

当前的电生理或光学技术不能可靠地执行来自数十个神经元的同时细胞内记录。在这里，我们报告了一种纳米电极阵列，它可以同时从数千个体外连接的哺乳动物神经元中获得细胞内记录。该阵列由在纳米芯片上制造的4,096个纳米级粗糙度的铂黑电极组成，该芯片单片集成4,096个微尺度放大器，可配置为伪电流钳位模式（用于并发电流注入和电压记录）或伪电压钳位模式（用于并发）电压施加和电流记录）。我们在伪电压钳位模式下使用该阵列来测量药物对离子通道电流的影响。在伪电流钳模式下，阵列在细胞内记录了来自数千个神经元的动作电位和突触后电位。此外，我们从细胞内记录了19分钟的1,700多个神经元中绘制了300多个兴奋性和抑制性突触连接。这种高通量的细胞内记录技术可以有益于功能连接套图谱，电生理筛选和神经网络的其他功能询问。