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Specialized infection strategies of falcate and oval conidia of Colletotrichum graminicola.
Fungal Genetics and Biology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103276 Daniela E Nordzieke 1 , Alina Sanken 1 , Luis Antelo 2 , Anja Raschke 3 , Holger B Deising 3 , Stefanie Pöggeler 1
Fungal Genetics and Biology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103276 Daniela E Nordzieke 1 , Alina Sanken 1 , Luis Antelo 2 , Anja Raschke 3 , Holger B Deising 3 , Stefanie Pöggeler 1
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For many filamentous fungi with pathogenic lifestyles, the presence of distinct asexual conidia has been described. However, the role of these spore types remains mostly obscure. Colletotrichum graminicola is a hemibiotrophic filamentous fungus, causing anthracnose on maize plants with a high potential of epidemic disease spreading. C. graminicola generates two types of conidia. Falcate shaped conidia formed in necrotic lesions on maize tissues are able to generate appressoria with high efficiency and are considered key disease spreading propagules. The second conidia type, the smaller oval conidia, is formed in the vascular system of the infected plant, probably causing the distribution of the disease in planta. Barely any knowledge exists about how these conidia are able to exhibit their specific functions in the life cycle and pathogenicity of C. graminicola. Here, we show that germlings derived from both falcate and oval conidia differ in the secretion of a germination inhibitor and signals for germling fusion. Germination experiments combined with HPLC and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that germination of falcate conidia is regulated by the self-inhibitor mycosporine-glutamine, whereas this compound is absent from oval conidia cultures. Additionally, germlings derived from oval conidia undergo germling fusions at high frequencies and are able to induce such a fusion when co-incubated with falcate conidia. Falcate conidia germlings alone, however, were never observed to fuse. Plant infection experiments showed a positive correlation between germling fusions and efficient leaf infection by oval conidia. However, this correlation was not observed for infection by falcate conidia. Together, our findings reveal significant differences of two types of conidia derived from the same pathogenic fungus with distinct roles in pathogenesis.
中文翻译：
拟南芥的椭圆形和分生孢子的专门感染策略。
对于许多具有致病性生活方式的丝状真菌，已经描述了独特的无性分生孢子的存在。但是，这些孢子类型的作用大部分仍然不清楚。炭疽菌（Colletotrichum graminicola）是一种半营养型丝状真菌，在玉米上引起炭疽病，极有可能传播流行病。C. graminicola产生两种分生孢子。在玉米组织的坏死病灶中形成的镰刀形分生孢子能够高效地产生食欲，被认为是主要的疾病传播繁殖体。第二种分生孢子，较小的椭圆形分生孢子，在受感染植物的血管系统中形成，可能导致疾病在植物中的分布。几乎没有关于这些分生孢子如何能够在C. graminicola的生命周期和致病性中发挥其特定功能的知识。在这里，我们显示出源自镰刀和椭圆形分生孢子的幼芽在发芽抑制剂的分泌和幼芽融合的信号上有所不同。发芽实验与HPLC和质谱分析相结合显示，甲状孢子-谷氨酰胺可自我抑制，从而抑制了甲状分生孢子的发芽，而椭圆形分生孢子培养物中不存在该化合物。另外，源自椭圆形分生孢子的种苗以高频率进行种苗融合，并且当与f子分生孢子共温育时能够诱导这种融合。然而，从未观察到镰刀分生孢子的幼芽能够融合。植物感染实验表明，胚芽融合与椭圆形分生孢子有效叶片感染之间呈正相关。但是，对于镰刀分生孢子感染没有观察到这种相关性。在一起，我们的发现揭示了两种来自同一病原真菌的分生孢子的显着差异，它们在发病机理中具有不同的作用。
更新日期：2019-09-21
中文翻译：
拟南芥的椭圆形和分生孢子的专门感染策略。
对于许多具有致病性生活方式的丝状真菌，已经描述了独特的无性分生孢子的存在。但是，这些孢子类型的作用大部分仍然不清楚。炭疽菌（Colletotrichum graminicola）是一种半营养型丝状真菌，在玉米上引起炭疽病，极有可能传播流行病。C. graminicola产生两种分生孢子。在玉米组织的坏死病灶中形成的镰刀形分生孢子能够高效地产生食欲，被认为是主要的疾病传播繁殖体。第二种分生孢子，较小的椭圆形分生孢子，在受感染植物的血管系统中形成，可能导致疾病在植物中的分布。几乎没有关于这些分生孢子如何能够在C. graminicola的生命周期和致病性中发挥其特定功能的知识。在这里，我们显示出源自镰刀和椭圆形分生孢子的幼芽在发芽抑制剂的分泌和幼芽融合的信号上有所不同。发芽实验与HPLC和质谱分析相结合显示，甲状孢子-谷氨酰胺可自我抑制，从而抑制了甲状分生孢子的发芽，而椭圆形分生孢子培养物中不存在该化合物。另外，源自椭圆形分生孢子的种苗以高频率进行种苗融合，并且当与f子分生孢子共温育时能够诱导这种融合。然而，从未观察到镰刀分生孢子的幼芽能够融合。植物感染实验表明，胚芽融合与椭圆形分生孢子有效叶片感染之间呈正相关。但是，对于镰刀分生孢子感染没有观察到这种相关性。在一起，我们的发现揭示了两种来自同一病原真菌的分生孢子的显着差异，它们在发病机理中具有不同的作用。
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