Citrobacter rodentium is an extracellular enteric mouse-specific pathogen used to model infections with human pathogenic Escherichia coli and inflammatory bowel disease. C. rodentium injects type III secretion system effectors into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to target inflammatory, metabolic and cell survival pathways and establish infection. While the host responds to infection by activating innate and adaptive immune signalling, required for clearance, the IECs respond by rapidly shifting bioenergetics to aerobic glycolysis, which leads to oxygenation of the epithelium, an instant expansion of mucosal-associated commensal Enterobacteriaceae and a decline of obligate anaerobes. Moreover, infected IECs reprogramme intracellular metabolic pathways, characterized by simultaneous activation of cholesterol biogenesis, import and efflux, leading to increased serum and faecal cholesterol levels. In this Review we summarize recent advances highlighting the intimate relationship between C. rodentium pathogenesis, metabolism and the gut microbiota.

中文翻译：

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啮齿动物柠檬酸杆菌-宿主-微生物群的相互作用：免疫力，生物能和新陈代谢。

啮齿类柠檬酸杆菌是一种细胞外肠道小鼠特异性病原体，用于模拟人类病原性大肠杆菌和炎症性肠病的感染。啮齿类念珠菌将III型分泌系统效应物注射到肠上皮细胞（IEC）中，以靶向炎症，代谢和细胞存活途径并建立感染。当宿主通过激活清除所需的先天性和适应性免疫信号对感染做出反应时，IEC通过迅速将生物能转变为有氧糖酵解来响应，从而导致上皮的氧合，粘膜相关的共生肠杆菌科细菌的迅速扩增和细菌的下降。专性厌氧菌。此外，受感染的IEC会重新编程细胞内代谢途径，其特征是胆固醇生物发生，输入和流出同时激活，导致血清和粪便中胆固醇水平升高。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的进展，突出了啮齿类念珠菌发病机理，代谢与肠道菌群之间的密切关系。