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Niche breadth and species richness: Correlation strength, scale and mechanisms
Global Ecology and Biogeography ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-17 , DOI: 10.1111/geb.13011
Itai Granot 1 , Jonathan Belmaker 1, 2
Affiliation  

AIM: It is often assumed that species in richer sites are more specialized, but empirical studies show conflicting results. In the present study, we quantify the correlation between community‐level niche breadth and richness. We contrast three mechanisms for gradients in niche breadth: climate, community assembly and nested interactions. First, the climatic stability within the tropics enables species to specialize, resulting in high richness. Under this scenario, we predict stronger richness–niche breadth correlations over larger latitudinal extents and when using environmental niche breadth measures (e.g., habitat). Second, in species‐rich areas, biotic interactions drive species to specialize. This may yield richness–niche breadth correlations regardless of the latitudinal extent and the type of niche breadth measure examined, whether environmental or functional (e.g., diet). Third, increased richness intensifies interactions between extreme specialists and generalists. Here, we predict stronger richness–niche breadth correlations when using functional niche breadth measures. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: 1973–2018. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Many taxa. METHODS: We conducted a meta‐analysis, with the effect size estimated as the correlation between richness and community‐averaged niche breadth extracted from each study. We also examined how these correlations depend on the niche breadth measure used (environmental or functional), scale (grain and latitudinal extent), ecosystem and taxa. RESULTS: We found a strong negative correlation between richness and niche breadth, and overall, a non‐significant correlation between latitude and niche breadth. The richness–niche breadth correlation was independent of the niche breadth measure used (environmental or functional). Scale, ecosystem and taxa had little effect on the strength of the correlation. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that species in richer sites, but not necessarily in the tropics, are more specialized. This finding is not dependent on scale or on the type of niche breadth measure used. These results suggest that high richness drives community‐level specialization, and thus community assembly is likely to be the major driver of niche breadth rather than climatic gradients shaping both niche breadth and richness.

中文翻译:

生态位广度和物种丰富度:相关强度、规模和机制

目的:通常假设在更丰富的地点的物种更专业,但实证研究显示出相互矛盾的结果。在本研究中,我们量化了社区级生态位广度和丰富度之间的相关性。我们对比了生态位宽度梯度的三种机制:气候、社区组装和嵌套相互作用。首先,热带地区的气候稳定性使物种能够专门化,从而导致高度丰富。在这种情况下,我们预测在更大的纬度范围内以及使用环境生态位宽度测量(例如栖息地)时,丰富度-生态位宽度相关性更强。其次,在物种丰富的地区,生物相互作用推动物种专业化。无论纬度范围和所检查的生态位宽度测量类型如何,这都可能产生丰富度-生态位宽度相关性,无论是环境的还是功能的(例如,饮食)。第三,丰富度的增加加强了极端专家和通才之间的互动。在这里,我们在使用功能性生态位广度度量时预测更强的丰富度-生态位广度相关性。地点:全球。时间段:1973-2018。研究的主要分类群:许多分类群。方法:我们进行了荟萃分析,效应大小估计为从每项研究中提取的丰富度和社区平均生态位宽度之间的相关性。我们还研究了这些相关性如何取决于所使用的生态位宽度测量(环境或功能)、规模(粮食和纬度范围)、生态系统和分类群。结果:我们发现丰富度和生态位宽度之间存在很强的负相关,总体而言,纬度和生态位宽度之间不显着相关。丰富度-利基广度相关性与所使用的利基广度测量(环境或功能)无关。规模、生态系统和分类群对相关强度的影响很小。主要结论:我们证实,在更丰富的地点(但不一定在热带)的物种更特化。这一发现不依赖于规模或所使用的生态位广度度量的类型。这些结果表明,高度丰富度推动了社区层面的专业化,因此社区组装可能是生态位宽度的主要驱动力,而不是塑造生态位宽度和丰富度的气候梯度。我们确认在更丰富的地点(但不一定在热带)的物种更专业。这一发现不依赖于规模或所使用的生态位广度度量的类型。这些结果表明,高度丰富度推动了社区层面的专业化,因此社区组装可能是生态位宽度的主要驱动力,而不是塑造生态位宽度和丰富度的气候梯度。我们确认在更丰富的地点(但不一定在热带)的物种更专业。这一发现不依赖于规模或所使用的生态位广度度量的类型。这些结果表明,高度丰富度推动了社区层面的专业化,因此社区组装可能是生态位宽度的主要驱动力,而不是塑造生态位宽度和丰富度的气候梯度。
更新日期:2019-09-17
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