ABSTRACT Composites are, in general, a rapidly evolving and growing technical field with a very wide range of applications across the aerospace, defence, energy, medical and transport sectors as a result of their superior mechanical and physical properties. Ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites, UHTCMCs, are a new subfield within the wider grouping of CMCs that offer applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicle components, particularly nozzles, leading edges and engine components. The design and development of structural materials for use in oxidising and rapid heating environments at temperatures above 1600°C is therefore of both great scientific and engineering importance. UHTC materials are typically considered to be the carbides, nitrides, and borides of the transition metals, but the Group IV compounds (Zr, Hf & Ti) plus TaC are generally considered to be the main focus of research due to the superior melting temperatures and stable high-melting temperature oxide that forms in situ. This review presents the selection, processing, properties, applications, outlook and future directions of UHTCMCs.

中文翻译：

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超高温陶瓷基复合材料 UHTCMCs 的选择、加工、性能及应用——综述

摘要 一般而言，复合材料是一个快速发展和增长的技术领域，由于其卓越的机械和物理性能，在航空航天、国防、能源、医疗和运输领域有着非常广泛的应用。超高温陶瓷基复合材料 UHTCMC 是更广泛的 CMC 组中的一个新子领域，可应用于火箭和高超音速飞行器部件，特别是喷嘴、前缘和发动机部件。因此，用于温度高于 1600°C 的氧化和快速加热环境的结构材料的设计和开发具有重大的科学和工程重要性。UHTC 材料通常被认为是过渡金属的碳化物、氮化物和硼化物，但 IV 族化合物（Zr、Hf 和 Ti) 加 TaC 通常被认为是研究的主要焦点，因为它具有优越的熔化温度和原位形成的稳定的高熔点氧化物。本综述介绍了 UHTCMC 的选择、加工、性能、应用、前景和未来方向。