Current investigations on neuronal or cardiac tissues call for systems that can electrically monitor cellular activity in three dimensions as opposed to classical planar approaches. Typically the fabrication of such 3D microelectrode arrays (3D MEAs) relies on advanced cleanroom fabrication techniques. However, additive manufacturing is becoming an ever versatile alternative for rapid prototyping of novel sensor designs due to its low cost and material expense. Here, the possibility of fabricating high‐resolution 3D MEAs is demonstrated by using electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing. The height and aspect ratio of the 3D electrodes can be readily tuned by adjusting the printing conditions and number of deposited ink droplets per electrode. The fabrication of pillar electrode arrays with electrode diameters of sintered structures below 3 µm is shown. The functionality of the array is confirmed using impedance spectroscopy and extracellular recordings of action potentials from HL‐1 cells.

中文翻译：

---

具有微米级横向分辨率的印刷3D电极阵列，可用于细胞外记录动作电位

当前对神经元或心脏组织的研究要求系统能够在三个方面以电方式监测细胞活动，这与传统的平面方法相反。通常，此类3D微电极阵列（3D MEA）的制造依赖于先进的洁净室制造技术。但是，由于其低成本和低廉的材料成本，增材制造正成为新型传感器设计快速原型制作的一种通用选择。在这里，通过使用电动液力喷墨印刷技术来展示制造高分辨率3D MEA的可能性。通过调整打印条件和每个电极上沉积的墨滴数量，可以轻松调整3D电极的高度和纵横比。示出了具有小于3μm的烧结结构的电极直径的柱状电极阵列的制造。