Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, particularly for patients in intensive care units and with invasive indwelling devices. The most recent clinical isolates are resistant to several classes of clinically important antibiotics, greatly restricting the ability to effectively treat critically ill patients. The bacterial envelope is an important driver of A. baumannii disease, both at the level of battling against antibiotic therapy and at the level of protecting from host innate immune function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of key features of the envelope that interface with both the host and antimicrobial therapies. Carbohydrate structures that contribute to protecting from the host are detailed, and mutations that alter these structures, resulting in increased antimicrobial resistance, are explored. In addition, protein complexes involved in both intermicrobial and host-microbe interactions are described. Finally we discuss regulatory mechanisms that control the nature of the cell envelope and its impact on host innate immune function.

中文翻译：

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鲍曼不动杆菌：控制耐药性，毒力和表面变异性的包膜决定簇。

鲍曼不动杆菌已经成为重要的医院病原体，特别是对于重症监护病房和有创留置装置的患者。最新的临床分离株对几种临床上重要的抗生素具有抗药性，极大地限制了有效治疗重症患者的能力。细菌包膜是抗鲍曼不动杆菌的重要驱动力，无论是与抗生素治疗的抗争水平还是与宿主固有免疫功能的防御水平。这篇综述提供了与宿主和抗菌疗法相接的包膜关键特征的全面概述。详细描述了有助于保护宿主的碳水化合物结构，以及改变了这些结构的突变，从而提高了抗药性，被探索。另外，还描述了参与微生物间和宿主-微生物相互作用的蛋白质复合物。最后，我们讨论了控制细胞包膜的性质及其对宿主先天免疫功能的影响的调节机制。