The endosomal system functions as a network of protein and lipid sorting stations that receives molecules from endocytic and secretory pathways and directs them to the lysosome for degradation, or exports them from the endosome via retrograde trafficking or plasma membrane recycling pathways. Retrograde trafficking pathways describe endosome-to-Golgi transport while plasma membrane recycling pathways describe trafficking routes that return endocytosed molecules to the plasma membrane. These pathways are crucial for lysosome biogenesis, nutrient acquisition and homeostasis and for the physiological functions of many types of specialized cells. Retrograde and recycling sorting machineries of eukaryotic cells were identified chiefly through genetic screens using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae system and discovered to be highly conserved in structures and functions. In this review, we discuss advances regarding retrograde trafficking and recycling pathways, including new discoveries that challenge existing ideas about the organization of the endosomal system, as well as how these pathways intersect with cellular homeostasis pathways.

中文翻译：

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芽胞酵母酿酒酵母的逆行运输和质膜回收途径。

内体系统充当蛋白质和脂质分选站的网络，该站接收来自内吞和分泌途径的分子，并将其引导至溶酶体进行降解，或通过逆行运输或质膜再循环途径将其从内体中输出。逆行运输途径描述了从内体到高尔基体的运输，而质膜再循环途径描述了将内吞分子返回到质膜的运输途径。这些途径对于溶酶体的生物发生，营养获取和体内稳态以及许多类型的专用细胞的生理功能至关重要。真核细胞的逆行和回收分类机制主要是通过使用芽生的酿酒酵母系统进行的遗传筛选来鉴定的，并发现其在结构和功能上高度保守。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了逆行运输和再循环途径的进展，包括挑战有关内体系统组织的现有观念以及这些途径如何与细胞稳态途径相交的新发现。