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Exosomes: Revisiting their role as "garbage bags".
Traffic ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1111/tra.12687
Michel Vidal 1
Affiliation  

In recent years, the term "extracellular vesicle" (EV) has been used to define different types of vesicles released by various cells. It includes plasma membrane-derived vesicles (ectosomes/microvesicles) and endosome-derived vesicles (exosomes). Although it remains difficult to evaluate the compartment of origin of the two kinds of vesicles once released, it is critical to discriminate these vesicles because their mode of biogenesis is probably directly related to their physiologic function and/or to the physio-pathologic state of the producing cell. The purpose of this review is to specifically consider exosome secretion and its consequences in terms of a material loss for producing cells, rather than on the effects of exosomes once they are taken up by recipient cells. I especially describe one putative basic function of exosomes, that is, to convey material out of cells for off-site degradation by recipient cells. As illustrated by some examples, these components could be evacuated from cells for various reasons, for example, to promote "differentiation" or enhance homeostatic responses. This basic function might explain why so many diseases have made use of the exosomal pathway during pathogenesis.

中文翻译:

外来体:重新扮演“垃圾袋”的角色。

近年来,术语“细胞外囊泡”(EV)已用于定义各种细胞释放的不同类型的囊泡。它包括质膜来源的囊泡(囊泡/微囊泡)和内体来源的囊泡(囊泡)。尽管仍然难以评估两种囊泡一旦释放后的起源,但区分这些囊泡至关重要,因为它们的生物发生方式可能直接与其生理功能和/或生理状态有关。生产细胞。这篇综述的目的是从生产细胞的物质损失方面特别考虑外泌体的分泌及其后果,而不是考虑外泌体一旦被受体细胞吸收后的影响。我特别描述外泌体的一种假定的基本功能,也就是说,将材料从细胞中转移出来,以使受体细胞发生异位降解。如一些实施例所示,出于各种原因,例如,为了促进“分化”或增强体内稳态反应,可以从细胞中撤出这些成分。这个基本功能可能解释了为什么这么多疾病在发病机理中都利用了外泌体途径。
更新日期:2019-10-01
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