Tospoviruses are among the most important plant pathogens and cause serious crop losses worldwide. Tospoviruses have evolved to smartly utilize the host cellular machinery to accomplish their life cycle. Plants mount two layers of defense to combat their invasion. The first one involves the activation of an antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) defense response. However, tospoviruses encode an RNA silencing suppressor that enables them to counteract antiviral RNAi. To further combat viral invasion, plants also employ intracellular innate immune receptors (e.g., Sw-5b and Tsw) to recognize different viral effectors (e.g., NSm and NSs). This leads to the triggering of a much more robust defense against tospoviruses called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Tospoviruses have further evolved their effectors and can break Sw-5b-/Tsw-mediated resistance. The arms race between tospoviruses and both layers of innate immunity drives the coevolution of host defense and viral genes involved in counter defense. In this review, a state-of-the-art overview is presented on the tospoviral life cycle and the multilined interplays between tospoviruses and the distinct layers of defense.

中文翻译：

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为Tospovirus感染铺平道路：与植物固有免疫力的多重相互作用。

弓形病毒是最重要的植物病原体之一，会在全球范围内造成严重的农作物损失。Tospovirus病毒已经进化为可以聪明地利用宿主细胞机制来完成其生命周期。植物可以防御两层防御，以抵御它们的入侵。第一个涉及抗病毒RNA干扰（RNAi）防御反应的激活。但是，脊髓灰质炎病毒编码RNA沉默抑制剂，使它们能够对抗抗病毒RNAi。为了进一步抵抗病毒入侵，植物还利用细胞内先天免疫受体（例如Sw-5b和Tsw）识别不同的病毒效应子（例如NSm和NSs）。这导致针对称为效应物触发的免疫（ETI）的对足病毒的强大得多的防御触发。弓形病毒进一步发展了其效应器，可以破坏Sw-5b / Tsw介导的抗药性。脊髓灰质炎病毒和固有免疫的两层之间的军备竞赛推动了宿主防御和参与反防御的病毒基因的共同进化。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了最新的综述，介绍了脊髓灰质炎病毒的生命周期以及脊髓灰质炎病毒与不同防御层之间的多方面相互作用。