Plant viruses were first implemented as heterologous gene expression vectors more than three decades ago. Since then, the methodology for their use has varied, but we propose it was the merging of technologies with virology tools, which occurred in three defined steps discussed here, that has driven viral vector applications to date. The first was the advent of molecular biology and reverse genetics, which enabled the cloning and manipulation of viral genomes to express genes of interest (vectors 1.0). The second stems from the discovery of RNA silencing and the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies that allowed the convenient and widespread use of virus-induced gene silencing (vectors 2.0). Here, we briefly review the events that led to these applications, but this treatise mainly concentrates on the emerging versatility of gene-editing tools, which has enabled the emergence of virus-delivered genetic queries for functional genomics and virology (vectors 3.0).

中文翻译：

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植物病毒载体3.0：过渡到合成基因组学。

三十多年前，植物病毒首次被实现为异源基因表达载体。从那时起，使用它们的方法变化了，但我们提出的是，技术与病毒学工具的融合（发生在此处讨论的三个定义的步骤中）推动了病毒载体的应用。首先是分子生物学和反向遗传学的出现，这使得能够克隆和操纵病毒基因组来表达感兴趣的基因（载体1.0）。第二个源于RNA沉默的发现和高通量测序技术的发展，这些技术允许方便且广泛地使用病毒诱导的基因沉默（载体2.0）。在这里，我们简要回顾了导致这些应用程序发生的事件，