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Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence.
The Lancet ( IF 168.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-29 , DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31709-x


BACKGROUND Published findings on breast cancer risk associated with different types of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) are inconsistent, with limited information on long-term effects. We bring together the epidemiological evidence, published and unpublished, on these associations, and review the relevant randomised evidence. METHODS Principal analyses used individual participant data from all eligible prospective studies that had sought information on the type and timing of MHT use; the main analyses are of individuals with complete information on this. Studies were identified by searching many formal and informal sources regularly from Jan 1, 1992, to Jan 1, 2018. Current users were included up to 5 years (mean 1·4 years) after last-reported MHT use. Logistic regression yielded adjusted risk ratios (RRs) comparing particular groups of MHT users versus never users. FINDINGS During prospective follow-up, 108 647 postmenopausal women developed breast cancer at mean age 65 years (SD 7); 55 575 (51%) had used MHT. Among women with complete information, mean MHT duration was 10 years (SD 6) in current users and 7 years (SD 6) in past users, and mean age was 50 years (SD 5) at menopause and 50 years (SD 6) at starting MHT. Every MHT type, except vaginal oestrogens, was associated with excess breast cancer risks, which increased steadily with duration of use and were greater for oestrogen-progestagen than oestrogen-only preparations. Among current users, these excess risks were definite even during years 1-4 (oestrogen-progestagen RR 1·60, 95% CI 1·52-1·69; oestrogen-only RR 1·17, 1·10-1·26), and were twice as great during years 5-14 (oestrogen-progestagen RR 2·08, 2·02-2·15; oestrogen-only RR 1·33, 1·28-1·37). The oestrogen-progestagen risks during years 5-14 were greater with daily than with less frequent progestagen use (RR 2·30, 2·21-2·40 vs 1·93, 1·84-2·01; heterogeneity p<0·0001). For a given preparation, the RRs during years 5-14 of current use were much greater for oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours than for oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours, were similar for women starting MHT at ages 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, and 55-59 years, and were attenuated by starting after age 60 years or by adiposity (with little risk from oestrogen-only MHT in women who were obese). After ceasing MHT, some excess risk persisted for more than 10 years; its magnitude depended on the duration of previous use, with little excess following less than 1 year of MHT use. INTERPRETATION If these associations are largely causal, then for women of average weight in developed countries, 5 years of MHT, starting at age 50 years, would increase breast cancer incidence at ages 50-69 years by about one in every 50 users of oestrogen plus daily progestagen preparations; one in every 70 users of oestrogen plus intermittent progestagen preparations; and one in every 200 users of oestrogen-only preparations. The corresponding excesses from 10 years of MHT would be about twice as great. FUNDING Cancer Research UK and the Medical Research Council.

中文翻译:

更年期激素治疗和乳腺癌风险的类型和时间:全球流行病学证据的个体参与者荟萃分析。

背景 已发表的关于与不同类型的绝经期激素疗法 (MHT) 相关的乳腺癌风险的研究结果不一致,关于长期影响的信息有限。我们汇集了关于这些关联的已发表和未发表的流行病学证据,并审查了相关的随机证据。方法 主要分析使用来自所有符合条件的前瞻性研究的个体参与者数据,这些研究寻求有关 MHT 使用的类型和时间的信息;主要分析是针对拥有这方面完整信息的个人。从 1992 年 1 月 1 日到 2018 年 1 月 1 日,通过定期搜索许多正式和非正式来源来确定研究。在最后一次报告 MHT 使用后最多 5 年(平均 1·4 年)的当前用户被包括在内。逻辑回归产生调整后的风险比 (RRs),比较特定的 MHT 用户组和从未使用过的用户组。结果 在前瞻性随访期间,108 647 名绝经后妇女在平均年龄 65 岁时患上了乳腺癌 (SD 7);55 575 (51%) 人使用过 MHT。在信息完整的女性中,当前使用者的平均 MHT 持续时间为 10 年 (SD 6),过去使用者为 7 年 (SD 6),绝经时的平均年龄为 50 岁 (SD 5),绝经时的平均年龄为 50 岁 (SD 6)启动 MHT。除阴道雌激素外,每种 MHT 类型都与过度的乳腺癌风险相关,这种风险随着使用时间的延长而稳步增加,并且雌激素-孕激素制剂的风险高于仅雌激素制剂。在当前使用者中,即使在第 1-4 年期间,这些额外风险也是确定的(雌激素-孕激素 RR 1·60,95% CI 1·52-1·69;仅雌激素 RR 1·17,1·10-1·26 ), 并且在 5-14 岁期间是两倍(雌激素-孕激素 RR 2·08、2·02-2·15;仅雌激素 RR 1·33、1·28-1·37)。5-14 岁期间每天使用孕激素的雌激素-孕激素风险高于不频繁使用孕激素的患者(RR 2·30、2·21-2·40 对比 1·93、1·84-2·01;异质性 p<0 ·0001). 对于给定的制剂,在当前使用的 5-14 年期间,雌激素受体阳性肿瘤的 RR 远高于雌激素受体阴性肿瘤,与 40-44 岁、45-49 岁开始 MHT 的女性相似, 50-54 岁和 55-59 岁,并且在 60 岁以后开始或因肥胖而减弱(肥胖女性仅使用雌激素 MHT 的风险很小)。停止 MHT 后,一些超额风险持续了 10 多年;它的大小取决于先前使用的持续时间,使用不到 1 年的 MHT 后几乎没有过量。解释 如果这些关联在很大程度上是因果关系,那么对于发达国家平均体重的女性,从 50 岁开始进行 5 年的 MHT 会使 50-69 岁的乳腺癌发病率增加大约每 50 名雌激素加用者中就有 1 名每日孕激素制剂;每 70 名雌激素加间歇性孕激素制剂使用者中就有一名;每 200 名使用雌激素制剂的人中就有一人。10 年的 MHT 相应的过度将大约是原来的两倍。资助英国癌症研究中心和医学研究委员会。会使 50-69 岁的乳腺癌发病率增加大约每 50 名雌激素加每日孕激素制剂使用者中的 1 名;每 70 名雌激素加间歇性孕激素制剂使用者中就有一名;每 200 名使用雌激素制剂的人中就有一人。10 年的 MHT 相应的过度将大约是原来的两倍。资助英国癌症研究中心和医学研究委员会。会使 50-69 岁的乳腺癌发病率增加大约每 50 名雌激素加每日孕激素制剂使用者中的 1 名;每 70 名雌激素加间歇性孕激素制剂使用者中就有一名;每 200 名使用雌激素制剂的人中就有一人。10 年的 MHT 相应的过度将大约是原来的两倍。资助英国癌症研究中心和医学研究委员会。
更新日期:2019-09-26
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