Metallic backbones for origami robots allow built-in strain sensing and wireless communication without external electronics. The tight integration of actuation, sensing, and communication capabilities into origami robots enables the development of new-generation functional robots. However, this task is challenging because the conventional materials (e.g., papers and plastics) for building origami robots lack design opportunities for incorporating add-on functionalities. Installing external electronics requires high system integration and inevitably increases the robotic weight. Here, a graphene oxide (GO)–enabled templating synthesis was developed to produce reconfigurable, compliant, multifunctional metallic backbones for the fabrication of origami robots with built-in strain sensing and wireless communication capabilities. The GO-enabled templating synthesis realized the production of complex noble metal origamis (such as Pt) with high structural replication of their paper templates. The reproduced Pt origami structures were further stabilized with thin elastomer, and the Pt-elastomer origamis were reconfigurable and served as the multifunctional backbones for building origami robots. Compared with traditional paper and plastic materials, the reconfigurable Pt backbones were more deformable, fire retardant, and power efficient. In addition, the robots with conductive Pt-elastomer backbones (Pt robots) demonstrated distinct capabilities—such as on-demand resistive heating, strain sensing, and built-in antennas—without the need for external electronics. The multifunctionality of Pt robots was further demonstrated to extend beyond the capabilities of traditional paper-based robots, such as melting an ice cube to escape, monitoring/recording robotic motions in real time, and wireless communications between robots. The development of multifunctional metallic backbones that couple actuation, sensing, and communication enriches the material library for the fabrication of soft robotics toward high functional integration.

中文翻译：

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用于折纸机器人的多功能金属骨架，具有应变感应和无线通信功能

折纸机器人的金属骨干无需内置电子设备即可实现内置应变感应和无线通信。致动，感测和通信功能与折纸机器人的紧密集成使新一代功能机器人得以发展。但是，这项任务具有挑战性，因为用于建筑折纸机器人的常规材料（例如，纸张和塑料）缺乏整合附加功能的设计机会。安装外部电子设备需要高度的系统集成，并且不可避免地增加了机械手的重量。在这里，开发了启用氧化石墨烯（GO）的模板合成技术，以生产可重构，顺应性的多功能金属骨架，以制造具有内置应变感应和无线通信功能的折纸机器人。启用GO的模板合成实现了其纸模板的高度结构复制的复杂贵金属Origamis（如Pt）的生产。再生的Pt折纸结构用薄弹性体进一步稳定，Pt弹性折纸可重构，并用作建筑折纸机器人的多功能骨架。与传统的纸和塑料材料相比，可重配置的Pt主链更易变形，具有阻燃性和高能效。此外，具有导电Pt弹性骨架的机器人（Pt机器人）展示了独特的功能，例如按需电阻加热，应变感应和内置天线，而无需外部电子设备。进一步证明了Pt机器人的多功能性超越了传统的基于纸张的机器人的功能，例如融化冰块逃逸，实时监视/记录机器人运动以及机器人之间的无线通信。结合致动，传感和通讯的多功能金属骨架的发展丰富了用于软机器人制造的材料库，从而实现了高功能集成。