BACKGROUND While the pathogenicity of the two initially identified Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs), BK Virus (BKPyV) and JC Virus (JCPyV) has been intensely studied, there is only limited data, on whether the occurrence of the recently discovered HPyVs correlates with high level BKPyV replication and progression towards Polyomavirus associated nephropathy (PVAN). METHODS Therefore, we performed a comprehensive longitudinal genoprevalence analysis of 13 HPyVs using a novel multiplex assay including 400 serum and 388 urine samples obtained from 99 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), grouped by quantitative BKPyV DNA loads and evidence of manifest BKPyV associated disease (histologically verified PVAN, high urinary decoy cell levels and concurrent decrease of renal function). RESULTS In total, 3 different non-BKPyV/JCPyV HPyVs, Human Polyomavirus 9, Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) and Trichodysplasia Spinulosa associated Polyomavirus were detected in 11 blood and 21 urine samples from 21 patients. Although DNAemia of these viruses occurred more frequently during high level BKPyV DNAemia and PVAN, the increase of the detection frequency due to progression of BKPyV replication did not reach statistical significance for blood samples. The positive detection rate of MCPyV in urine, however, was significantly higher during BKPyV DNAemia in 19 KTRs of our cohort who suffered from histologically verified PVAN (p = 0.005). In one individual with PVAN, continuous long-term shedding of MCPyV in urine was observed. CONCLUSION In our cohort the recently discovered HPyVs HPyV9, TSPyV and MCPyV emerged in blood from KTRs with variable kinetics, while detection of MCPyV DNAuria occurred more frequently during BKPyV DNAemia in patients with PVAN.

中文翻译：

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BK病毒复制的肾脏移植受者中人类多瘤病毒多样性的多重分析。

背景技术虽然已经对两种最初鉴定的人类多瘤病毒（HPyVs），BK病毒（BKPyV）和JC病毒（JCPyV）的致病性进行了深入研究，但是关于最近发现的HPyVs的发生是否与高水平相关的数据很少。 BKPyV复制并发展为多瘤病毒相关性肾病（PVAN）。方法因此，我们使用一种新颖的多重测定法对13个HPyV进行了全面的纵向基因多态性分析，包括从99个肾移植受者（KTR）获得的400个血清和388个尿液样本，按定量BKPyV DNA负荷和明显的BKPyV相关疾病证据（组织学经验证的PVAN，高尿液诱饵细胞水平和同时肾功能下降）。结果总共有3种不同的非BKPyV / JCPyV HPyV，人类多瘤病毒9，在来自21例患者的11份血液和21份尿液样本中检测到了默克尔细胞多瘤病毒（MCPyV）和棘突增生相关性多瘤病毒。尽管这些病毒的DNAemia在高水平的BKPyV DNAemia和PVAN期间更频繁地发生，但是由于BKPyV复制的进行而导致的检测频率的增加对血样没有统计学意义。然而，在经过组织学验证的PVAN的我们队列的19个KTR患者中，BKPyV DNAemia期间尿液中MCPyV的阳性检出率显着更高（p = 0.005）。在一名患有PVAN的个体中，观察到尿液中MCPyV持续长期长期脱落。结论在我们的队列中，最近发现的HPyV HPyV9，TSPyV和MCPyV从KTR的血液中以动力学变化的形式出现，