Hydrogels, a class of materials with a 3D network structure, are widely used in various fields especially in biomedicine. Injectable hydrogels could facilitate the encapsulation and controlled release of small molecular drugs, macromolecular therapeutics, and even cells. With the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, such injectable hydrogels have attracted wide attention for local immunomodulation to boost systemic anticancer immune responses, realizing more effective immunotherapy at lower doses. The latest progresses in the development of various smart injectable hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy are summarized here. Although applied locally, such injectable hydrogels can activate systemic antitumor immune responses, safely and effectively inhibiting the tumor metastasis and recurrence. Moreover, it is discussed how injectable hydrogel‐based cancer immunotherapy would contribute to the development of next generation of cancer treatment together with their potential for clinical translation.

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用于癌症免疫治疗的智能注射水凝胶

水凝胶是一类具有3D网络结构的材料，已广泛用于各个领域，尤其是生物医学。可注射的水凝胶可以促进小分子药物，大分子治疗剂甚至细胞的包裹和控制释放。随着癌症免疫疗法的飞速发展，这种可注射水凝胶已引起广泛关注局部免疫调节，以增强全身性抗癌免疫反应，从而在较低剂量下实现更有效的免疫疗法。此处总结了用于癌症免疫疗法的各种智能可注射水凝胶的开发最新进展。尽管可局部使用，但这种可注射水凝胶可激活全身性抗肿瘤免疫反应，安全有效地抑制肿瘤的转移和复发。而且，