Inorganic and organic hybrids are a class of new materials that are purposely designed and arranged at individual species levels (often at nanoscale) to provide new morphological attributes and properties. This review is intended to offer a systematic discussion and understanding of nanoparticle–polymer hybrid materials. First, integration of nanoparticles and organic matrices is explained from two aspects: mixing of nanoparticles and organic matrix materials and in-situ formation of hybrids; the latter includes both in-situ nanoparticle formation and in-situ polymerisation. Traditional processing techniques for hybrids, such as spin coating and casting, are briefly reviewed followed by more detailed discussion on patterning through self-organisation, laser-induced patterning, and nanoimprint lithographic moulding. The extraordinary potentials of hybrids in existing property improvement and new property creation, including mechanical property, electronic property, optical property, catalytic property, magnetic property, and sensing property are presented. Lastly, opportunities and challenges for future hybrid material development are provided.

中文翻译：

---

混合材料–共同分散，加工，图案和特性的评论

无机和有机杂种是一类新材料，经过专门设计和布置在单个物种级别（通常在纳米级别），以提供新的形态属性和特性。这篇综述旨在提供系统的讨论和对纳米粒子-聚合物杂化材料的理解。首先，从两个方面解释纳米颗粒和有机基质的整合：纳米颗粒和有机基质材料的混合以及原位形成杂化物。后者包括原位纳米颗粒形成和原位聚合。简要回顾了混合材料的传统加工技术，例如旋涂和浇铸，然后通过自组织，激光诱导的图案形成和纳米压印光刻成型对图案进行了更详细的讨论。提出了杂化材料在改善现有性能和创造新性能方面的非凡潜力，包括机械性能，电子性能，光学性能，催化性能，磁性能和感测性能。最后，为未来混合材料的发展提供了机遇和挑战。