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Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Disk Samplers for Measuring Trace Metals in Ambient Air
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 10.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00420
Eftade O. Gaga 1, 2 , Tom Harner 1 , Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska 3 , Valbona Celo 3 , Greg Evans 4 , Cheol-Heon Jeong 4 , Sabina Halappanavar 5 , Narumol Jariyasopit 1, 6 , Yushan Su 7
Affiliation  

A new method is presented for measuring atmospheric concentrations of trace metals in airborne particulate matter using polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers (PUF-PASs) and passive dry deposition air samplers (PAS-DDs), which until now have mainly been used to assess organic pollutants in air. A field calibration study was conducted at one of the sites where measurements of trace metals were available using conventional methods. Uptake profiles of PUF-PASs and PAS-DDs were linear over the full 56 days that the samplers were deployed. The results confirm the ability of both passive sampler types to provide time-integrated measurements of airborne trace metals. For the PUF-PAS, the derived sampling rates (R) were generally in the range of default values derived for organic pollutants (i.e., 4 ± 2 m3/day). For the PAS-DD, the collection of the larger depositing particles resulted in elevated effective sampling rates, which were up to ∼4 times higher than for the PUF-PAS. Sampling rates for the PAS-DD were more variable compared to those for the PUF-PAS, probably due to the variability of the association of various trace metals with larger particles. Results from the PAS-DD were also converted to effective dry deposition fluxes and were as high as 6700 μg m–2 day–1 for iron. This study provides a proof concept and methodology for the application of PUF disk-based samplers as a versatile and cost-effective tool for studying trace metals, in addition to organics, in ambient air. The method was used to assess concentrations of 25 trace metals in ambient using PUF-PASs deployed across six urban sites in the greater Toronto area, impacted by different emission sources to air. The highest trace metal concentrations were measured at sites impacted by traffic.

中文翻译:

聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)圆盘采样器,用于测量环境空气中的痕量金属

提出了一种使用聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)盘式被动空气采样器(PUF-PAS)和被动干式沉积空气采样器(PAS-DDs)来测量空气中颗粒物中痕量金属的大气浓度的新方法评估空气中的有机污染物。在可以使用常规方法测量痕量金属的地点之一进行了现场校准研究。在部署采样器的整整56天内,PUF-PAS和PAS-DD的吸收曲线是线性的。结果证实了两种无源采样器能够对空气中的痕量金属进行时间积分测量的能力。对于PUF-PAS,得出的采样率(R)通常在有机污染物得出的默认值范围内(即4±2 m3 /天)。对于PAS-DD,收集较大的沉积颗粒会导致有效采样率提高,最高可达PUF-PAS的约4倍。与PUF-PAS相比,PAS-DD的采样率更具可变性,这可能是由于各种痕量金属与较大颗粒的缔合的可变性所致。PAS-DD的结果也转换为有效的干沉降通量,高达6700μgm –2–1铁。这项研究为基于PUF磁盘的采样器作为研究环境空气中除有机物外的痕量金属和金属的通用且经济高效的工具提供了证明概念和方法。该方法被用于通过分布在大多伦多地区六个城市站点的PUF-PAS来评估环境中25种痕量金属的浓度,这些影响受空气中不同排放源的影响。在受交通影响的地点测得的最高痕量金属浓度。
更新日期:2019-08-22
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