Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been at the forefront of porous-material research in recent years. With predictable structural compositions and controllable functionalities, the structures and properties of COFs could be controlled to achieve targeted materials. On the other hand, the predesigned structure of COFs allows fruitful postsynthetic modifications to introduce new properties and functions. In this review, the postsynthetic functionalizations of COFs are discussed and their impacts towards structural qualities and performances are comparatively elaborated on. The functionalization involves the formation of specific interactions (covalent or coordination/ionic bonds) and chemical reactions (oxidation/reduction reaction) with pendant groups, skeleton and reactive linkages of COFs. The chemical stability and performance of COFs including catalytic activity, storage, sorption and opto-electronic properties might be enhanced by specific postsynthetic functionalization. The generality of these strategies in terms of chemical reactions and the range of suitable COFs places them as a pivotal role for the development of COF-based smart materials.

中文翻译：

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共价有机骨架的合成后功能化

近年来，共价有机骨架 (COF) 一直处于多孔材料研究的前沿。通过可预测的结构组成和可控的功能，可以控制 COF 的结构和性能以实现目标材料。另一方面，COF 的预先设计结构允许进行富有成效的合成后修饰以引入新的特性和功能。在这篇综述中，讨论了 COF 的合成后功能化，并比较详细地阐述了它们对结构质量和性能的影响。功能化涉及与 COF 的侧基、骨架和反应键形成特定的相互作用（共价键或配位键/离子键）和化学反应（氧化/还原反应）。COFs 的化学稳定性和性能，包括催化活性、存储、吸附和光电特性，可能会通过特定的后合成功能化得到增强。这些策略在化学反应和合适的 COF 范围方面的普遍性使它们成为开发基于 COF 的智能材料的关键作用。