Many local and Indigenous communities across the globe afford ecosystem services to the wider global public through maintaining natural resources because of their duteous usage and astute management. However there is barely any recognition or financial support for them to continue maintaining or enhancing the flow of ecosystem services from their finely managed Indigenous and local lands. This paper offers insights using three case studies from the Oceania-Asia region—i.e. Australia, India and Fiji—that supports the highest Indigenous and local communities population. It describes the main cultural values and traditions, and land rights of Indigenous and local communities in relation to their natural systems, and the key issues and challenges that people experience in their respective regions. Lack of recognition of peoples’ land rights, unregulated and exploitative use of resources, and inequitable distribution of benefits that accrue to private (often corporate) enterprises from using natural resources were the common issues among all case studies. To support conservative use and management of Indigenous and local lands, this paper argues to establish monetary mechanisms i.e. Payments for Ecosystem Services, Green Funds, Common Trusts, etc. to enable Indigenous and local communities to continue managing natural resources for the greater public benefit.

全球范围内的许多本地和土著社区由于其勤奋的使用和精明的管理，通过维护自然资源为更广泛的全球公众提供了生态系统服务。但是，几乎没有任何认可或财政支持可以帮助他们继续维持或增强来自其管理得很好的土著和地方土地的生态系统服务的流量。本文使用来自大洋洲-亚洲地区的三个案例研究（即澳大利亚，印度和斐济）提供了见解，这些案例研究支持了最大的土著和地方社区人口。它描述了主要的文化价值观念和传统，土著和地方社区与自然系统有关的土地权利，以及人们在各自地区遇到的关键问题和挑战。缺乏对人民土地权利的承认，在所有案例研究中，普遍存在的问题是，对资源的无节制和剥削使用以及私有（通常是公司）企业使用自然资源所产生的收益分配不均。为了支持对土著和地方土地的保守使用和管理，本文主张建立货币机制，例如生态系统服务付款，绿色基金，普通信托等，以使土著和地方社区能够继续管理自然资源，以实现更大的公共利益。