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Differences in exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds between Black and White cigarette smokers.
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0159-9
Gideon St Helen 1, 2 , Neal L Benowitz 1, 2, 3 , Jennifer Ko 1 , Peyton Jacob 1, 2 , Steven E Gregorich 4 , Eliseo J Pérez-Stable 5 , Sharon E Murphy 6 , Stephen S Hecht 6 , Dorothy K Hatsukami 7 , Eric C Donny 8
Affiliation  

OBJECTIVE It is unclear why Black smokers in the United States have elevated risk of some tobacco-related diseases compared to White smokers. One possible causal mechanism is differential intake of tobacco toxicants, but results across studies are inconsistent. Thus, we examined racial differences in biomarkers of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in tobacco smoke. METHOD We analyzed baseline data collected from 182 Black and 184 White adult smokers who participated in a randomized clinical trial in 2013-2014 at 10 sites across the United States. We examined differences in urinary levels of ten VOC metabolites, total nicotine equivalents (TNE), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), controlling for covariates such as cigarettes per day (CPD), as well as differences in VOCs per TNE to assess the extent to which tobacco exposure, and not metabolic factors, accounted for racial differences. RESULTS Concentration of metabolites of acrolein, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, and methylating agents were significantly higher in Blacks compared to Whites when controlled for covariates. Other than the metabolite of methylating agents, VOCs per TNE did not differ between Blacks and Whites. Concentrations of TNE/CPD and VOCs/CPD were significantly higher in Blacks. Menthol did not contribute to racial differences in VOC levels. CONCLUSIONS For a given level of CPD, Black smokers likely take in higher levels of acrolein, acrylonitrile, and ethylene oxide than White smokers. Our findings are consistent with Blacks taking in more nicotine and toxicants per cigarette smoked, which may explain their elevated disease risk relative to other racial groups.

中文翻译:

黑人和白人吸烟者接触有毒和/或致癌挥发性有机化合物的差异。

目标 与白人吸烟者相比,为什么美国的黑人吸烟者患某些烟草相关疾病的风险更高尚不清楚。一种可能的因果机制是烟草有害物质的摄入量不同,但不同研究的结果不一致。因此,我们检查了烟草烟雾中有毒挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 生物标志物的种族差异。方法 我们分析了从 2013-2014 年在美国 10 个地点参加随机临床试验的 182 名黑人和 184 名白人成年吸烟者收集的基线数据。我们检查了尿液中 10 种 VOC 代谢物、总尼古丁当量 (TNE) 和 4-(甲基亚硝胺)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇 (NNAL) 水平的差异,控制了协变量,例如每天吸烟量 (CPD) ), 以及每个 TNE 的 VOC 差异,以评估烟草暴露而非代谢因素对种族差异的影响程度。结果 控制协变量时,黑人的丙烯醛、丙烯腈、环氧乙烷和甲基化剂的代谢物浓度显着高于白人。除了甲基化剂的代谢物外,黑人和白人之间每 TNE 的 VOC 没有差异。黑人的 TNE/CPD 和 VOCs/CPD 浓度明显较高。薄荷醇不会导致 VOC 水平的种族差异。结论 对于给定水平的 CPD,黑人吸烟者可能比白人吸烟者摄入更高水平的丙烯醛、丙烯腈和环氧乙烷。我们的发现与黑人每吸一支烟摄入更多的尼古丁和有毒物质一致,
更新日期:2019-08-13
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