Abstract Climate change affects the frequency and intensity of extreme weather, the results of which include production losses and climate-induced crop productivity fluctuations. Double-cropping systems (DCSs) have been suggested as a way to increase biomass-production while simultaneously delivering environmental benefits. In a three-year field-test, two DCSs based on maize and sorghum as the main crop and rye as the preceding winter crop were compared with each other and compared with 2 single-cropping systems (SCSs) of maize or sorghum; there were comparisons of growth dynamics, optimal harvesting and growing time as well as biomass and methane yield. In addition, the impact of variety and harvest time on the winter rye optimal biomass yield was studied. The experiments clearly showed the superiority of the DCS over the SCS. Within the DCS, the rye/sorghum combination achieved significantly higher biomass yields compared to those of the rye/maize combination. The highest dry matter biomass yield was achieved during year 1 at 27.5 ± 2.4 t∙ha−1, during which winter rye contributed 8.3 ± 0.7 t∙ha−1 and sorghum contributed 19.2 ± 1.8 t∙ha−1. At the experimental location, which is influenced by a Pannonia climate (hot and dry), the rye/sorghum DCS was able to obtain average methane yields per hectare, 9300 m3, whereas the rye/maize combination reached 7400 m3. In contrast, the rye, maize and sorghum SCSs achieved methane yields of 4800, 6100 and 6500 m3 ha−1, respectively. The study revealed that the winter rye and sorghum DCS is a promising strategy to counteract climate change and thus guarantee crop yield stability.

中文翻译：

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基于黑麦、玉米和高粱的双季作物系统：品种和收获时间对生物量和沼气产量的影响

摘要 气候变化影响极端天气的频率和强度，其结果包括生产损失和气候引起的作物生产力波动。双季作物系统 (DCS) 已被建议作为增加生物质产量同时提供环境效益的一种方式。在为期三年的田间试验中，以玉米和高粱为主要作物，黑麦为前冬作物的两种 DCS 相互比较，并与玉米或高粱的 2 种单作系统 (SCS) 进行了比较；对生长动态、最佳收获和生长时间以及生物量和甲烷产量进行了比较。此外，还研究了品种和收获时间对冬黑麦最佳生物量产量的影响。实验清楚地表明 DCS 优于 SCS。在 DCS 内，与黑麦/玉米组合相比，黑麦/高粱组合实现了显着更高的生物量产量。最高的干物质生物量产量在第 1 年达到 27.5 ± 2.4 t∙ha−1，其中冬黑麦贡献了 8.3 ± 0.7 t∙ha−1，高粱贡献了 19.2 ± 1.8 t∙ha−1。在受潘诺尼亚气候（炎热干燥）影响的实验地点，黑麦/高粱 DCS 能够获得每公顷平均 9300 立方米的甲烷产量，而黑麦/玉米组合达到 7400 立方米。相比之下，黑麦、玉米和高粱 SCS 的甲烷产量分别为 4800、6100 和 6500 m3 ha-1。研究表明，冬季黑麦和高粱 DCS 是一种有前景的应对气候变化的策略，从而保证作物产量的稳定。