Despite the essential role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis, other factors are required for cancer establishment, like miRNAs. Such molecules present a complex biogenesis, being diversely distributed across tissues and biological fluids, as cell-free miRNAs or miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles (EV). After HPV infection, an interplay between HPV and the miRNA network occurs in cervical cells. As the virus persists and cellular transformation occurs, specific patterns of miRNA expression are found in different stages of cervical disease. Thus, defining promising miRNAs/specific miRNA signatures - especially circulating miRNAs - represents an interesting strategy for screening (diagnosis, prognosis, etc.) those stages. Despite the limited number of studies investigating circulating miRNAs in distinct biological fluids, accumulating data have pointed to some promising candidates, both as cell-free or EV-derived miRNAs. Here we highlight some of these promising non-invasive biomarkers and bring attention to the urgent need for efforts in this field.

尽管人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）在子宫颈癌的发生中起着至关重要的作用，但癌症的建立还需要其他因素，例如miRNA。这样的分子呈现出复杂的生物发生，并以无细胞的miRNA或细胞外囊泡（EV）中的miRNA的形式分布在组织和生物流体中。HPV感染后，宫颈细胞中会发生HPV与miRNA网络之间的相互作用。随着病毒持续存在和发生细胞转化，在宫颈疾病的不同阶段发现了miRNA表达的特定模式。因此，定义有前途的miRNA /特异性miRNA特征（尤其是循环miRNA）代表了筛选（诊断，预后等）这些阶段的有趣策略。尽管研究不同生物液中循环miRNA的研究数量有限，不断积累的数据指出了一些有前途的候选基因，无论是无细胞还是EV衍生的miRNA。在这里，我们重点介绍了这些有前途的非侵入性生物标志物，并引起了人们对该领域迫切需要的关注。