Abstract Recent advances in the development of quantum dots (QDs) have offered new possibilities for the exploration of sensors, bio imaging, batteries, electrochemical water splitting and optoelectronic applications because of their intriguing optical, electrical, catalytic and electrochemical properties. Among QDs, atomically thin two-dimensional quantum dots (2D QDs) derived from graphene sheets, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers and phosphorene have been of considerable interest for the past few years. There have been several intensive studies of carbon QDs, but TMD QDs and heterostructures based on 2D QDs are rapidly advancing. Herein, the synthesis and properties of 2D QDs, particularly carbon and TMD QDs, are reviewed for the recent progress in their application toward electrochemical water splitting, photocatalytic wastewater treatment, supercapacitors, batteries and photodetectors. Moreover, the assembly of such 2D QDs to achieve industrial-scale production and boost their performance in widespread applications is emphasized.

中文翻译：

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二维量子点 (2D QD) 的批判性评论：从合成到能源和光电子学中的应用

摘要 量子点 (QD) 发展的最新进展为传感器、生物成像、电池、电化学水分解和光电应用的探索提供了新的可能性，因为它们具有有趣的光学、电学、催化和电化学特性。在 QD 中，由石墨烯片、过渡金属二硫属化物 (TMD) 层和磷烯衍生的原子级薄二维量子点 (2D QD) 在过去几年引起了相当大的兴趣。已经对碳量子点进行了多项深入研究，但基于二维量子点的 TMD 量子点和异质结构正在迅速发展。在此，综述了二维量子点，特别是碳和 TMD 量子点的合成和性质，以了解其在电化学水分解方面的应用的最新进展，光催化废水处理、超级电容器、电池和光电探测器。此外，还强调了组装此类 2D QD 以实现工业规模生产并提高其在广泛应用中的性能。