This study reports the aging effect of a perovskite precursor solution on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. The precursor solution is aged at different temperatures of 4, 25 (room temperature), and 65 °C. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is found to depend on the aging condition. Average PCE increases with aging time, where optimal aging time for best the PCE decreases with aging temperature. Average PCE of 17.29% obtained from a 24 h aged solution at 4 °C is higher than that of 16.48% from a nonaged fresh solution. At 25 °C, a 2–4 h aged solution yields highest PCE of 17.41%. The aging effect is more accelerated at 65 °C, where the best PCE of around 17.10% is achieved from the solution aged for 1.5–2 h. It is commonly observed that photocurrent density is substantially influenced by aging time, while voltage is less affected. Fill factor declines with aging time regardless of aging temperature. Iodoplumbate PbI₂S₄ (S = solvent) formed in the precursor solution increases its concentration, as aging time increases at a given temperature, which is beneficial for improving photovoltaic performance. No aging effect is found for excess MAI or PbI₂ due to initially formed sufficient iodoplumbate.

中文翻译：

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前体溶液老化观察碘伏铅矿与钙钛矿型太阳能电池的光伏性能之间的相关性

这项研究报告了钙钛矿前体溶液对钙钛矿太阳能电池光伏性能的老化效应。前体溶液在4、25（室温）和65°C的不同温度下老化。发现功率转换效率（PCE）取决于老化条件。平均PCE随老化时间而增加，其中最佳PCE的最佳老化时间随老化温度而降低。在4°C下24小时老化溶液中获得的平均PCE为17.29％，高于未老化新鲜溶液中的16.48％。在25°C下，老化2–4 h的溶液产生的最高PCE为17.41％。在65°C时，其老化效果更加明显，在1.5–2 h的溶液中，可获得约17.10％的最佳PCE。通常观察到光电流密度基本上受老化时间的影响，而电压受影响较小。填充因子随老化时间而降低，与老化温度无关。碘铅酸铅在给定温度下，随着老化时间的增加，在前体溶液中形成的₂ S ₄（S =溶剂）会增加其浓度，这有利于提高光伏性能。由于最初形成足够的碘代铅酸盐，未发现过量的MAI或PbI _2具有老化作用。