An energy-efficient Magnéli phase Ti₄O₇ reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) was applied for the oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Approximately 5-log removal of these compounds was achieved in a single pass through the REM with residence times of ∼11 s at 3.3 V/SHE for PFOA and 3.6 V/SHE for PFOS. The permeate concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were <86 and 35 ng L^–1, from initial concentrations of 4.14 and 5 mg L^–1, respectively. The highest removal rates were 3415 ± 203 μmol m^–2 h^–1 for PFOA and 2436 ± 106 μmol m^–2 h^–1 for PFOS at a permeate flux of 720 L m^–2 h^–1 (residence times of ∼3.8 s). The levels of energy consumption (per log removal) to remove PFOA and PFOS to below the detection limits were 5.1 and 6.7 kWh m^–3, respectively. These values are the lowest reported for electrochemical oxidation and approximately an order of magnitude lower than those reported for other technologies (i.e., ultrasonication, photocatalysis, vacuum ultraviolet photolysis, and microwave–hydrothermal decomposition), demonstrating the promise of the REM technology for water treatment applications.

中文翻译：

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使用Ti4O7反应性电化学膜阳极对全氟烷基物质进行高能效的电化学氧化

高效的Magnéli相Ti ₄ O ₇反应电化学膜（REM）用于全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的氧化。这些化合物通过REM一次可实现约5-log的去除，在PFOA的3.3 V / SHE和在PFOS的3.6 V / SHE的停留时间约为11 s。PFOA和PFOS的渗透物浓度分别为<86和35 ng L ^–1，而初始浓度分别为4.14和5 mg L ^–1。最高去除率分别为3415±203微摩尔米^-2 ħ ^-1为PFOA和2436±106微摩尔米^-2 ħ ^-1全氟辛烷磺酸在720 L M渗透物通量^-2h ^–1（停留时间约3.8 s）。去除PFOA和PFOS到检测极限以下的能耗水平（每原木去除）分别为5.1和6.7 kWh m ^–3。这些值是电化学氧化的最低值，比其他技术（即超声，光催化，真空紫外光解和微波-水热分解）的值低约一个数量级，这证明了REM技术在水处理中的应用前景应用程序。