Gambling disorder is characterized by a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is associated with substantial distress or impairment. The prevalence of gambling disorder has been estimated at 0.5% of the adult population in the United States, with comparable or slightly higher estimates in other countries. The aetiology of gambling disorder is complex, with implicated genetic and environmental factors. Neurobiological studies have implicated cortico-striato-limbic structures and circuits in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Individuals with gambling disorder often go unrecognized and untreated, including within clinical settings. Gambling disorder frequently co-occurs with other conditions, particularly other psychiatric disorders. Behavioural interventions, particularly cognitive-behavioural therapy but also motivational interviewing and Gamblers Anonymous, are supported in the treatment of gambling disorder. No pharmacological therapy has a formal indication for the treatment of gambling disorder, although placebo-controlled trials suggest that some medications, such as opioid-receptor antagonists, may be helpful. Given the associations with poor quality of life and suicide, improved identification, prevention, policy and treatment efforts are needed to help people with gambling disorder.

中文翻译：

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赌博失调。

赌博性疾病的特征是持续不断的赌博模式，与严重的困扰或损害相关。在美国，赌博性疾病的患病率估计为成年人口的0.5％，其他国家的估计值与之相当或略高。赌博疾病的病因很复杂，涉及遗传和环境因素。神经生物学研究表明该疾病的病理生理学涉及皮质-纹状体-边缘结构和回路。患有赌博疾病的人常常不被承认和接受治疗，包括在临床环境中。赌博性疾病通常与其他疾病（尤其是其他精神疾病）同时发生。行为干预，在赌博疾病的治疗中，尤其是认知行为疗法，以及动机访谈和“匿名赌徒”（Gamblers Anonymous）都得到了支持。尽管安慰剂对照试验表明某些药物（例如阿片受体拮抗剂）可能会有所帮助，但没有药物疗法可以正式治疗赌博疾病。鉴于生活质量低下和自杀的协会，需要改善识别，预防，政策和治疗措施，以帮助患有赌博疾病的人。