Stakeholder participation is crucial in solving environmental problems, especially in rural areas. This research investigates multi-stakeholders environmental awareness and preferences for best management practices (BMPs) in water conservation zones of north China for tackling non-point source pollution issue. A sample of 287 stakeholders involving 62 environmental officials, 18 volunteers, 73 left-behind villagers, and 130 migrant workers were interviewed. New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale and Principal component analysis were used to evaluate stakeholder's environmental awareness, preference for BMPs and factors influencing awareness and preference. Results show that engineering BMPs generally have a higher acceptance than management BMPs which can guide proper farming practices to reduce the likelihood of contamination from the source. Among the management measures, the preference for nutrient management was higher than that of tillage management. Considerable preference heterogeneity exists among different stakeholder groups in terms of BMPs in the case study area. Overall, environmental officials and volunteers are more supportive for implementing BMPs than left-behind farmers and migrant workers. In terms of implementation, environmental officials and volunteers tend to pay more attention to both the environmental benefit and economic benefit, while left-behind farmers and migrant workers focus more on economic benefit. To gain more economic benefit, people in areas with low economic levels are more willing to accept these measures to improve the status quo of living environment and income. Principal component analysis shows that demographics (23.6%), environmental awareness (15%), policies (13.6%) and economic (12.8%) can influence stakeholders' preference for BMPs. The cumulative contribution of the four factors accounts for 65%. The results suggest that decision makers need to coordinate multi-interest among the stakeholders and emphasize stakeholder consultation to meet local stakeholders' needs. We provide implications to policy-makers for revising existing or introducing adequate incentives to motivate local stakeholders and increase their support for implementing BMPs, instead of using enforcement.

利益相关者的参与对于解决环境问题至关重要，特别是在农村地区。这项研究调查了多方利益相关者的环保意识以及对华北水源保护区最佳管理实践（BMP）的偏好，以解决面源污染问题。采访了287位利益相关者，涉及62位环境官员，18位志愿者，73位留守村民和130位农民工。使用新的生态范式（NEP）量表和主成分分析来评估利益相关者的环境意识，对BMP的偏好以及影响意识和偏好的因素。结果表明，工程BMP通常比管理BMP具有更高的接受度，管理BMP可以指导正确的耕作方式，以减少污染源的可能性。在管理措施中，对养分管理的偏好高于对耕作管理的偏好。在案例研究区域中，就BMP而言，不同利益相关者群体之间存在相当大的偏好异质性。总体而言，与落后的农民和民工相比，环境官员和志愿者对实施BMP的支持更大。在实施方面，环境官员和志愿者往往更加关注环境利益和经济利益，而留守农民和农民工则更多地关注经济利益。为了获得更多的经济利益，经济水平较低的地区的人们更愿意接受这些措施来改善生活环境和收入状况。主成分分析显示，人口统计资料（23.6％）环境意识（15％），政策（13.6％）和经济（12.8％）可以影响利益相关者对BMP的偏好。这四个因素的累计贡献占65％。结果表明，决策者需要协调利益相关者之间的多重利益，并强调与利益相关者进行磋商，以满足当地利益相关者的需求。我们为决策者提供建议，以修改现有的或引入适当的激励措施，以激励当地利益相关者并增加他们对实施BMP的支持，而不是使用执法手段。结果表明，决策者需要协调利益相关者之间的多重利益，并强调利益相关者的咨询，以满足当地利益相关者的需求。我们为决策者提供建议，以修改现有的或引入适当的激励措施，以激励当地利益相关者并增加他们对实施BMP的支持，而不是使用执法手段。结果表明，决策者需要协调利益相关者之间的多重利益，并强调利益相关者的咨询，以满足当地利益相关者的需求。我们为决策者提供建议，以修改现有的或引入适当的激励措施，以激励当地利益相关者并增加他们对实施BMP的支持，而不是使用执法手段。