Alcoholism is a multifactorial disease with high risk for dependence determined by genetic background, environmental factors and neuroadaptations. The excessive consumption of this substance is related to psychiatric problems, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis and cancers. Caffeine is one of the most popular psychostimulants currently consumed in the world. The combination of ethanol and caffeine ingested by consuming "energy drinks" is becoming increasingly popular among young people. We analyzed the effect of simultaneous consumption of ethanol and caffeine on the serum profile of miRNAs differentially expressed in the ethanol-drinking rat model (UChB strain). Adult rats were divided into three groups (n = 5 per group): UChB group (rats fed with 1 : 10 (v/v) ethanol ad libitum); UChB + caffeine group (rats fed with 1 : 10 (v/v) ethanol ad libitum + 3 g L-1 of caffeine); control group (rats drinking water used as the control for UChB). The treatment with caffeine occurred from day 95 to 150 days old, totalizing 55 days of ethanol + caffeine ingestion. The expressions of microRNAs (miR) -9-3p, -15b-5p, -16-5p, -21-5p, -200a-3p and -222-3p were detected by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR). The expressions of miR-9-3p, -15b-5p, -16-5p and -222-3p were upregulated in the UChB group. Conversely, simultaneous ingestion of ethanol and caffeine significantly reversed these expressions to similar levels to control animals, thus emphasizing that caffeine had a protective effect in the presence of ethanol. In addition, miR-21-5p was downregulated with ethanol consumption whereas miR-222-3p was unchanged. Ethanol and caffeine consumption was capable of altering serum miRNAs, which are potential biomarkers for the systemic effects of these addictive substances.

中文翻译：

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大鼠中乙醇和咖啡因的摄入量会导致血清 miRNA 发生差异性改变。

酗酒是一种多因素疾病，由遗传背景、环境因素和神经适应决定，具有很高的依赖风险。过量摄入这种物质与精神问题、癫痫、心血管疾病、肝硬化和癌症有关。咖啡因是目前世界上最流行的精神兴奋剂之一。通过饮用“能量饮料”摄入的乙醇和咖啡因的组合越来越受到年轻人的欢迎。我们分析了同时摄入乙醇和咖啡因对饮酒大鼠模型（UChB 品系）中差异表达的 miRNA 血清谱的影响。将成年大鼠分为三组（每组n=5）：UChB组（随意饲喂1:10（v/v）乙醇的大鼠）；UChB + 咖啡因组（大鼠随意喂食 1 : 10 (v/v) 乙醇 + 3 g L-1 咖啡因）；对照组（大鼠饮用水作为 UChB 的对照）。咖啡因治疗从第 95 天到第 150 天进行，总共摄入乙醇 + 咖啡因 55 天。通过实时PCR（RT-PCR）检测微小RNA（miR）-9-3p、-15b-5p、-16-5p、-21-5p、-200a-3p和-222-3p的表达。UChB组中miR-9-3p、-15b-5p、-16-5p和-222-3p的表达上调。相反，同时摄入乙醇和咖啡因可显着地将这些表达逆转至与对照动物相似的水平，从而强调咖啡因在乙醇存在下具有保护作用。此外，miR-21-5p 随着乙醇消耗而下调，而 miR-222-3p 则没有变化。乙醇和咖啡因的摄入能够改变血清 miRNA，而这些 miRNA 是这些成瘾物质全身效应的潜在生物标志物。