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The Italian preparticipation evaluation programme: diagnostic yield, rate of disqualification and cost analysis
British Journal of Sports Medicine ( IF 18.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-17 , DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100293
Teresina Vessella 1 , Alessandro Zorzi 2 , Laura Merlo 1 , Cinzia Pegoraro 1 , Flaviano Giorgiano 1 , Michele Trevisanato 1 , Mirella Viel 1 , Pietro Formentini 1 , Domenico Corrado 3 , Patrizio Sarto 1
Affiliation  

Introduction Italian law mandates that every competitive athlete must undergo annual preparticipation evaluation (PPE) to identify cardiovascular (CV) diseases that pose a risk of sudden death (SD) during sport and other conditions that may threaten the athlete’s health. We investigated the diagnostic yield, rate of disqualification and costs of our PPE. Methods We included 5910 consecutive apparently healthy athletes (61% males, mean age 15±4 years) who underwent annual PPE performed by a sports medicine specialist. The PPE included history, physical examination, weight, height and blood pressure measurement, test of visual acuity, spirometry, urine chemistry, resting 12-lead ECG and exercise testing with ECG monitoring. In cases of abnormal findings, we carried out second-line investigations. Results During a 12-month study period, 5.326 (90.2%) athletes were cleared for competition after a normal first-line evaluation and 584 (9.8%) underwent one or more further examinations. Of those, 88 (1.5%) were diagnosed to have a CV disease (including 18 (0.3%) at-risk of SD) and 31 (0.5%) had a non-CV diagnosis. A total of 32 (0.5%) athletes were temporarily (n=15) or permanently (n=17) disqualified from competitive sports. The average cost per athlete was €79, which consisted of €64 (80%) for first-line evaluations and €15 (20%) for additional investigations. Conclusion PPE according to the Italian model identified a range of diseases in 2.0% of apparently healthy athletes at an average cost of €79.

中文翻译:

意大利参与前评估计划:诊断率、不合格率和成本分析

介绍 意大利法律规定,每位竞技运动员都必须接受年度参赛前评估 (PPE),以识别在运动过程中构成猝死 (SD) 风险的心血管 (CV) 疾病以及可能威胁运动员健康的其他状况。我们调查了 PPE 的诊断率、不合格率和成本。方法 我们连续纳入了 5910 名表面健康的运动员(61% 为男性,平均年龄 15±​​4 岁),他们每年都接受运动医学专家执行的 PPE。PPE 包括病史、体格检查、体重、身高和血压测量、视力测试、肺活量测定、尿液化学、静息 12 导联心电图和带有心电图监测的运动测试。在发现异常的情况下,我们进行了二线调查。结果 在 12 个月的研究期间,5.326 (90. 2%) 运动员在正常的一线评估后获准参加比赛,584 (9.8%) 名运动员接受了一次或多次进一步检查。其中,88 人 (1.5%) 被诊断患有心血管疾病(包括 18 人(0.3%)有 SD 风险),31 人(0.5%)被诊断为非心血管疾病。共有 32 (0.5%) 名运动员被暂时 (n=15) 或永久 (n=17) 取消了竞技运动资格。每名运动员的平均成本为 79 欧元,其中包括 64 欧元(80%)用于一线评估和 15 欧元(20%)用于额外调查。结论 根据意大利模型,PPE 在 2.0% 表面健康的运动员中发现了一系列疾病,平均成本为 79 欧元。5%) 被诊断患有 CV 疾病(包括 18 (0.3%) 名有 SD 风险的人)和 31 (0.5%) 名被诊断为非 CV。共有 32 (0.5%) 名运动员被暂时 (n=15) 或永久 (n=17) 取消了竞技运动资格。每名运动员的平均成本为 79 欧元,其中包括 64 欧元(80%)用于一线评估和 15 欧元(20%)用于额外调查。结论 根据意大利模型,PPE 在 2.0% 表面健康的运动员中发现了一系列疾病,平均成本为 79 欧元。5%) 被诊断为患有 CV 疾病(包括 18 (0.3%) 名有 SD 风险)和 31 (0.5%) 名被诊断为非 CV。共有 32 (0.5%) 名运动员被暂时 (n=15) 或永久 (n=17) 取消了竞技运动资格。每名运动员的平均成本为 79 欧元,其中包括 64 欧元(80%)用于一线评估和 15 欧元(20%)用于额外调查。结论 根据意大利模型,PPE 在 2.0% 表面健康的运动员中发现了一系列疾病,平均成本为 79 欧元。
更新日期:2019-07-17
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