Peptidoglycan (PG) is a bacteria specific cell surface layer that ensures the bacterial shape and integrity. The two actinomycetes Amycolatopsis balhimycina and Microbispora sp. PTA-5024 are producers of PG targeting antibiotics. To prevent the binding of their secreted product to their own PG, they developed specific self-resistance mechanisms. Modifications of PG, which are applied by both strains, are the introduction of amide-residues at the PG precursors and the alternative crosslinks within the nascent PG.

The PG modifications found in Microbispora sp. PTA-5024 seemed to be an intrinsic characteristic of the genus Microbispora, rather than a specific mechanism of NAI-107 resistance. In contrast, the modifications in A. balhimycina represent an alternative way to avoid suicide specific for glycopeptide producers. The different PG modifications reflect the fact that antibiotic producing organisms contain not only one but multiple mechanisms to ensure protection against biologically active molecules produced by themselves.

肽聚糖（PG）是细菌特异性的细胞表面层，可确保细菌的形状和完整性。两种放线菌是真菌淀粉样杆霉和微双孢菌。PTA-5024是PG靶向抗生素的生产商。为了防止其分泌的产品与自己的PG结合，他们开发了特定的自防御机制。两种菌株均对PG进行了修饰，即在PG的前体处引入了酰胺残基，并在新生的PG内进行了交联。

在Microbispora sp。中发现了PG修饰。PTA-5024似乎是微双孢菌属的固有特征，而不是NAI-107抗性的特定机制。相比之下，对巴氏米曲霉的修饰代表了避免对糖肽生产者具有特异性的自杀的另一种方法。不同的PG修饰反映了这样一个事实，即产生抗生素的生物体不仅包含一种机制，而且还包含多种机制，以确保免受自身产生的生物活性分子的侵害。