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Effects of forest windstorm disturbance on invasive plants in protected areas of southern Illinois, USA
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-26 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13254
Melissa K. Daniels 1 , Eric R. Larson 1
Affiliation  

  1. Invasive plant populations respond positively to light increase from windstorm‐caused canopy damage, but are typically out‐competed over time as the tree canopy recovers. Some invasive plants have the ability to slow or even completely prevent canopy regrowth. It is important to understand invasive plant dynamics in windstorm blowdowns to inform effective forest management. We hypothesized that blowdown areas are more invaded than unaffected forest and that invadedness of a blowdown will decrease with increasing time since disturbance and increase with disturbance magnitude.
  2. We used Landsat imagery to identify 31 blowdowns caused by one of three storms in southern Illinois of the United States: 2006 tornado, 2009 derecho or 2017 tornado. We statistically matched these blowdowns to areas of unaffected forest based on slope, aspect, elevation, distance to a road and distance to a trail. We surveyed blowdown and unaffected units for invasive plants in summer 2018. Disturbance magnitude was measured in two ways: per cent change in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and area of blowdown.
  3. Overall, blowdowns were more invaded than their statistically matched areas. Invadedness of blowdowns decreased with increasing time since disturbance, indicating that the blowdowns are recovering as tree canopy regrowth shades out invasive plants. Per cent change in NDVI was not a supported predictor of blowdown invadedness, but invadedness was strongly positively related to blowdown size. Larger blowdowns recover more slowly than smaller disturbances due to different recovery pathways, providing more time and opportunity for the spread and establishment of invasive plants.
  4. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that although blowdowns contained higher cover of invasive plants than forest unaffected by windstorms, invasive plants were responding negatively to canopy regrowth. Land managers should prioritize treatment of invasive plants in larger and more recent blowdowns.


中文翻译:

森林风暴对美国伊利诺伊州南部保护区的入侵植物的影响

  1. 外来入侵植物种群对由暴风雨引起的树冠破坏所产生的光增加有积极的反应,但是随着树冠的恢复,入侵植物种群通常会随着时间的推移而竞争过度。一些入侵植物具有减缓甚至完全阻止冠层再生的能力。重要的是要了解暴风雨中的入侵植物动态,以指导有效的森林管理。我们假设排污区的入侵程度要高于未受影响的森林,排污的入侵程度会随着干扰发生时间的增加而减少,并随着干扰程度的增加而增加。
  2. 我们使用Landsat影像识别了由美国伊利诺伊州南部的三场风暴之一造成的31次排污:2006年龙卷风,2009年雷德雷霍或2017年龙卷风。我们根据坡度,坡向,海拔,到道路的距离和到小径的距离,将这些排污量统计匹配到未受影响的森林区域。我们在2018年夏季对入侵植物的排污单位和未受影响的单位进行了调查。扰动幅度的测量方法有两种:标准化差异植被指数(NDVI)的变化百分比和排污面积。
  3. 总体而言,排污比其统计匹配区域受到的入侵更大。自扰动以来,排泄物的入侵程度随时间的增加而降低,这表明排泄物正在恢复,因为树冠再生长遮盖了入侵植物。NDVI的变化百分比不是排污入侵的支持指标,但入侵与排污量强烈正相关。由于不同的恢复途径,较大的排污物比较小的干扰物恢复得更慢,这为入侵植物的传播和建立提供了更多的时间和机会。
  4. 综合。我们的发现表明,尽管排泄物所含入侵植物的覆盖率高于不受暴风雨影响的森林,但入侵植物对冠层再生的反应却是负面的。土地管理人员应在较大和较近期的排污中优先处理外来入侵植物。
更新日期:2019-07-26
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