The number of molecularly stratified treatment options available to patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, with a parallel rise in the use of biomarkers to guide prognostication and treatment decision-making. The increase in both the number of biomarkers and their use has resulted in a progressively complex situation, evident both from the extensive interactions between biomarkers and from their sometimes complex associations with patient prognosis and treatment benefit. Current and emerging biomarkers also reflect the genomic complexity of CRC, and include a wide range of aberrations such as point mutations, amplifications, fusions and hypermutator phenotypes, in addition to global gene expression subtypes. In this Review, we provide an overview of current and emerging clinically relevant biomarkers and their role in the management of patients with CRC, illustrating the intricacies of biomarker interactions and the growing treatment opportunities created by the availability of comprehensive molecular profiling.

中文翻译：

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生物标志物引导的结直肠癌治疗：复杂性的优势。

结直肠癌 (CRC) 患者可用的分子分层治疗方案数量正在增加，用于指导预后和治疗决策的生物标志物的使用也在增加。生物标志物数量及其使用的增加导致了日益复杂的情况，这从生物标志物之间广泛的相互作用以及它们有时与患者预后和治疗益处的复杂关联中可以看出。当前和新兴的生物标志物也反映了结直肠癌基因组的复杂性，除了全局基因表达亚型之外，还包括广泛的畸变，例如点突变、扩增、融合和超变表型。在这篇综述中，我们概述了当前和新兴的临床相关生物标志物及其在 CRC 患者管理中的作用，说明了生物标志物相互作用的复杂性以及综合分子谱分析所创造的不断增长的治疗机会。