Human monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that enhances innate immune responses. CD14 was first identified as a marker of monocytes to signal intracellular responses upon bacterial encounters. Given the absence of an intracellular tail, CD14 was doubted to have the signaling capacities. Later CD14 was confirmed as the TLR co-receptor for the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, CD14 has been revealed as a multi-talented receptor. In last decade, CD14 was identified to activate NFAT to regulate the life cycle of myeloid cells in a TLR4-independent manner and to transport inflammatory lipids to induce phagocyte hyperactivation. And its influences on multiple related diseases have been further considered. In this review, we summarize advancements in the basic biology of the CD14 including its structure, binding ligands, signaling pathways, and its roles in the pathogenesis of inflammation, atherosclerosis, tumor and metabolic diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the CD14 in related diseases.

中文翻译：

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CD14：生物学及其在疾病发病机理中的作用。

人单核细胞分化抗原CD14是一种模式识别受体（PRR），可增强先天免疫应答。首先将CD14鉴定为单核细胞的标志物，以在细菌接触时发出细胞内应答信号。由于不存在细胞内尾巴，因此怀疑CD14具有信号传导能力。后来，CD14被确认为TLR共同受体，用于检测病原体相关的分子模式。但是，CD14已被揭示为一种多才多艺的受体。在最近的十年中，已鉴定出CD14可以激活NFAT，从而以TLR4独立的方式调节髓样细胞的生命周期，并运输炎症脂质以诱导吞噬细胞过度活化。并进一步考虑了其对多种相关疾病的影响。在这篇评论中，我们总结了CD14的基本生物学进展，包括其结构，结合配体，信号传导途径及其在炎症，动脉粥样硬化，肿瘤和代谢性疾病发病机理中的作用。我们还讨论了在相关疾病中靶向CD14的治疗潜力。