INTRODUCTION Gait and balance impairments are cardinal features of Parkinson's disease (PD) that require cognitive input. However, the extent to which specific gait and balance characteristics relate to cognition in PD is unclear. In addition, independent models of gait and balance have not been developed from the same cohort. We aimed to i) develop models of gait and balance in a large PD cohort and ii) determine which gait and balance characteristics best related to cognition. METHODS One hundred and ninety-eight people with PD were recruited to the Pacific Udall Center. Using six inertial sensors (APDM, Inc.), comprehensive gait measurements were collected over a 2-min continuous walk and comprehensive static balance measures were collected during a 60-second standing task. Six domains of cognition were assessed: global cognition, attention, executive function, language, memory, and visuospatial function. Correlations and hierarchical linear regression determined independent associations. RESULTS Principal components analysis identified a gait model containing four domains accounting for 80.1% of total variance: pace/turning, rhythm, variability, and trunk. The balance model contained four independent domains accounting for 84.5% of total variance: sway area/jerkiness, sway velocity, sway frequency anteroposterior, and sway frequency mediolateral. Gait domains of pace/turning and variability were strongly associated with attention and executive function. Sway area and jerkiness of balance associated with attention and visuospatial function. CONCLUSIONS Gait and balance characteristics were associated with specific types of cognition. The specific relationships between gait or balance with cognitive functions suggests shared cerebral cortical circuitry for mobility and cognitive functions.

中文翻译：

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在帕金森氏病中具有综合步态和静态平衡措施的认知关联。

引言步态和平衡障碍是帕金森氏病（PD）的主要特征，需要认知输入。但是，尚不清楚特定步态和平衡特征与PD中的认知相关的程度。此外，尚未从同一队列中开发出独立的步态和平衡模型。我们的目标是：i）在一个大型的PD队列中开发步态和平衡模型，以及ii）确定与认知最相关的步态和平衡特征。方法198名PD患者被招募到太平洋Udall中心。使用6个惯性传感器（APDM，Inc.），在2分钟的连续步行过程中收集了综合步态测量值，并在站立60秒的任务中收集了综合的静态平衡测量值。评估了六个认知领域：整体认知，注意，执行功能，语言，记忆和视觉空间功能。相关性和层次线性回归确定独立的关联。结果主成分分析确定了一个步态模型，其中包含四个域，占总方差的80.1％：步伐/转弯，节奏，变异性和躯干。平衡模型包含四个独立的域，占总方差的84.5％：摇摆区域/颠簸，摇摆速度，摇摆频率前后，摇摆频率中外侧。步伐/转弯和变异的步态域与注意力和执行功能密切相关。摇摆区域和突发性平衡与注意力和视觉空间功能有关。结论步态和平衡特征与特定类型的认知有关。