Background

Female physicians are significantly less likely than male physicians to be full professors, even after accounting for age, experience, specialty, and measures of research and clinical productivity.

Objective

We sought to evaluate sex differences in academic rank in the allergy and immunology workforce.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional physician data set containing the allergist's sex, age, years since residency, faculty appointment, authored publications, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, clinical trial investigation, and Medicare reimbursement to investigate sex differences in the academic allergy and immunology workforce using multilevel logistic regression models.

Results

Among 507 academic allergists (9.3% of practicing US allergists in 2014), 323 (63.7%) were men, and 184 (36.3%) were women. Female allergists were younger (47.9 vs 56.9 years, P < .001), had fewer total (12.5 vs 28.7, P < .001) and first/last author (8.0 vs 21.5, P < .001) average publications, were less likely to have NIH funding (13.0% vs 23.5%, P = .004), were less frequently a clinical trial investigator (10.3% vs 16.1%, P = .07), and generated less average annual Medicare revenue ($44,000 vs $23,000, P = .10). Of 152 (30.0%) full professors, 126 (82.9%) were male, and 26 (17.0%) were female. After multivariable adjustment, rates of full professorship among female and male allergists were not significantly different (absolute adjusted difference for female vs male allergists, 6.0%; 95% CI, −8.3% to 20.2%).

Conclusions

Among allergists with US medical school faculty appointments, men and women were similarly likely to be full professors after accounting for factors influencing promotion. Underlying differences in research productivity and NIH funding not explained by age differences alone warrant additional investigation.

中文翻译：

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变态反应/免疫学在学术上的性别差异。

背景

即使考虑了年龄，经验，专长以及研究和临床工作量度，女医生也比男医生成为正式教授的可能性要低得多。

客观的

我们试图评估变态反应和免疫学工作人员在学历上的性别差异。

方法

我们使用了横断面医生数据集，其中包括过敏症患者的性别，年龄，居留年限，教师任职，著作出版物，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助，临床试验调查和Medicare报销，以调查学术过敏症中的性别差异。和多层次逻辑回归模型的免疫学工作人员。

结果

在507名学术过敏症患者中（2014年占美国实际过敏症患者的9.3％），男性为323人（占63.7％），女性为184人（占36.3％）。女性过敏症患者较年轻（47.9 vs 56.9岁，P  <.001），总数较少（12.5 vs 28.7，P  <.001），第一作者/最后作者（8.0 vs 21.5，P  <.001）的平均发表率较低获得NIH资金的比例（13.0％vs 23.5％，P  = .004），临床试验研究人员的频率较低（10.3％vs 16.1％，P  = .07），并且产生的平均年度医疗保险收入较低（$ 44,000 vs $ 23,000，P = .10）。在152名（30.0％）全职教授中，男126名（82.9％），女26名（17.0％）。经过多变量调整后，女性和男性过敏症患者的完全教授率没有显着差异（女性和男性过敏症患者的绝对校正差异为6.0％； 95％CI为-8.3％至20.2％）。

结论

在美国医学院任职的过敏专科医师中，考虑到影响晋升的因素后，男性和女性同样很可能是正式教授。研究生产率和NIH资金的根本差异并不能仅通过年龄差异来解释，因此有必要进行进一步的研究。