PURPOSE To determine the trends in prevalence of myopia in Israeli young adults over approximately a generation, as well as associated factors and variation in the impact of these factors on myopia prevalence in this region over time. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred four thousand six hundred eighty-nine consecutive persons 16 to 19 years of age born between 1971 and 1994 who had not yet enlisted in the Israeli Army but had completed the medical profiling process. METHODS Using data collected at a north Israel recruitment center, the prevalence of myopia over time was estimated, and a polynomial regression analysis was performed to assess significance of nonlinear trends. Associations of demographic and socioeconomic factors with myopia were assessed, and trends over time were analyzed using a factorial logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was factors associated with the prevalence of myopia over time. The secondary outcome measure was a description of the change in prevalence of myopia over time. RESULTS The prevalence of myopia increased 1.284-fold over 24 years from 20.4% among participants born between 1971 and 1982 to 26.2% among participants born between 1983 and 1994. A quite similar increase was observed among males (from 17.9% to 22.7%, respectively) and females (from 23.9% to 30.8%, respectively). The factors found to be associated with myopia were as follows: more recent date of birth, female gender, more years of education, being the eldest child, non-Israeli ethnic origin, and urban residence. However, there were significant trends over time in the effects of some of these factors, most notably an attenuation of the difference between participants of different religions in the recent birth-years period. Most of these associations and trends were observed in both males and females separately, with some gender-specific variations. Immigrants from Ethiopia who were raised in Israel were highly more likely to demonstrate myopia than those who arrived at an older age. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of myopia and the possible associations of urbanization- and higher education-related factors among several subpopulations and the risk for myopia developing.

中文翻译：

---

以色列年轻人中近代人近视负担的增加：诱发因素的分析。

目的确定近一代以色列年轻人中近视流行的趋势，以及随时间推移的相关因素以及这些因素对该区域近视患病率的影响变化。设计回顾性横断面研究。参加者1971年至1994年之间，有149.89岁，连续16至19岁，尚未加入以色列军队，但已经完成了医学档案整理工作。方法使用从以色列北部征兵中心收集的数据，估算近视随时间的流行程度，并进行多项式回归分析以评估非线性趋势的重要性。评估了人口统计学和社会经济因素与近视的关系，使用阶乘逻辑回归分析了随时间变化的趋势和趋势。主要观察指标主要观察指标是与近视患病率随时间推移相关的因素。次要结果指标是对近视患病率随时间变化的描述。结果近视的患病率在24年中增加了1.284倍，从1971年至1982年之间出生的参与者中的20.4％增至1983年至1994年之间出生的参与者的26.2％。男性中观察到的增幅非常相似（分别从17.9％增加到22.7％） ）和女性（分别从23.9％到30.8％）。被发现与近视有关的因素如下：较近的出生日期，女性，更多的受教育年限，长子，非以色列族裔和城市居住。然而，随着时间的流逝，其中一些因素的影响出现了显着的趋势，最显着的是最近出生年期间不同宗教参与者之间的差异有所减弱。这些关联和趋势中的大多数都分别在男性和女性中观察到，但存在一些特定于性别的差异。在以色列长大的埃塞俄比亚移民比年龄较大的移民更有可能出现近视。结论本研究表明近视患病率增加，并且在一些亚人群中，与城市化和高等教育相关的因素之间的可能联系以及近视发生的风险。这些关联和趋势中的大多数都分别在男性和女性中观察到，但存在一些特定于性别的差异。在以色列长大的埃塞俄比亚移民比年龄较大的移民更有可能出现近视。结论本研究表明近视患病率增加，并且在一些亚人群中，与城市化和高等教育相关的因素之间的可能联系以及近视发生的风险。这些关联和趋势中的大多数都分别在男性和女性中观察到，但存在一些特定于性别的差异。在以色列长大的埃塞俄比亚移民比年龄较大的移民更有可能出现近视。结论这项研究表明近视患病率增加，并且在一些亚人群中，与城市化和高等教育相关的因素之间的可能联系以及近视发生的风险。