The fundamental idea that the constituents of interacting many body systems in complex quantum materials may self-organise into long range order under highly non-equilibrium conditions leads to the notion that entirely new and unexpected functionalities might be artificially created. However, demonstrating new emergent order in highly non-equilibrium transitions has proven surprisingly difficult. In spite of huge recent advances in experimental ultrafast time-resolved techniques, methods that average over successive transition outcomes have so far proved incapable of elucidating the emerging spatial structure. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, we report for the first time the charge order emerging after a single transition outcome initiated by a single optical pulse in a prototypical two-dimensional dichalcogenide 1T-TaS₂. By mapping the vector field of charge displacements of the emergent state, we find surprisingly intricate, long-range, topologically non-trivial charge order in which chiral domain tiling is intertwined with unpaired dislocations which play a crucial role in enhancing the emergent states’ remarkable stability. The discovery of the principles that lead to metastability in charge-ordered systems opens the way to designing novel emergent functionalities, particularly ultrafast all-electronic non-volatile cryo-memories.

在高度不平衡的条件下，复杂量子材料中与许多人体系统相互作用的成分可能会自组织成远距离顺序的基本思想导致了这样一种观念，即可能会人为地创造出全新的和出乎意料的功能。然而，事实证明，在高度非平衡过渡中展示新的紧急顺序非常困难。尽管最近在实验超快速时间分辨技术方面取得了巨大进展，但迄今为止，在连续过渡结果上求平均值的方法已被证明无法阐明正在出现的空间结构。在这里，我们使用扫描隧道显微镜，首次报告了在二维二维二卤化钨1T-TaS中由单个光脉冲引发的单个跃迁结果之后出现的电荷顺序₂。通过映射出射态的电荷位移矢量场，我们发现了令人惊讶的复杂，远程，拓扑上不重要的电荷顺序，其中手性域平铺与不成对的位错交织在一起，这些位错在增强出射态的非凡性中起着至关重要的作用。稳定。电荷排序系统中导致亚稳定性的原理的发现为设计新颖的紧急功能（特别是超快全电子非易失性低温存储器）开辟了道路。