Abstract Photovoltaics is a portentous alternative to the nonrenewable energy resources. Organic solar cells (OSCs) offer several advantages over inorganic counterparts in terms of low-cost device production, simple solution-based processing, flexibility, light-weight and compatibility with roll-to-roll fabrication. This review comprehensively examines the latest research developments towards high-performance OSCs. Device processing conditions and engineering along with material developments for the active and interfacial layers are examined. Different device structures and their benefits and limitations are highlighted. The interfacial layer materials including the polymers and metal oxides together with their integration and performance in functional OSCs are examined. A salient aspect of this review is the design of donor and acceptor materials to address the optical and electronic properties requirement for optimized device efficacy of OSCs. In this regard, the prospects of tailoring the band gap of donor polymers alongside the adoption of non-fullerene acceptors with complementary optical absorption for improved solar energy harvesting is elucidated. Further, graphene’s feasibility as an active or interfacial layer material is reviewed. Hence, this article provides perspectives and strategies on further development of solution-processable donor, acceptor and interfacial materials for high efficiency devices, required in commercialization of OSCs.

中文翻译：

---

有机太阳能电池：活性层和界面层石墨烯的材料和前景

摘要 光伏是不可再生能源的重要替代品。有机太阳能电池 (OSC) 在低成本器件生产、基于溶液的简单加工、灵活性、重量轻以及与卷对卷制造的兼容性方面具有优于无机电池的几个优势。本综述全面审查了高性能 OSC 的最新研究进展。检查了器件加工条件和工程以及活性层和界面层的材料开发。强调了不同的设备结构及其优点和局限性。检查了包括聚合物和金属氧化物在内的界面层材料及其在功能性 OSC 中的集成和性能。本次审查的一个重要方面是设计供体和受体材料，以满足优化 OSC 器件功效的光学和电子特性要求。在这方面，阐明了定制供体聚合物的带隙以及采用具有互补光吸收的非富勒烯受体以改善太阳能收集的前景。此外，还审查了石墨烯作为活性层或界面层材料的可行性。因此，本文提供了关于进一步开发用于 OSC 商业化所需的高效器件的可溶液处理的供体、受体和界面材料的观点和策略。阐明了定制供体聚合物带隙以及采用具有互补光吸收的非富勒烯受体以改善太阳能收集的前景。此外，还审查了石墨烯作为活性层或界面层材料的可行性。因此，本文提供了关于进一步开发用于 OSC 商业化所需的高效器件的可溶液处理的供体、受体和界面材料的观点和策略。阐明了定制供体聚合物带隙以及采用具有互补光吸收的非富勒烯受体以改善太阳能收集的前景。此外，还审查了石墨烯作为活性层或界面层材料的可行性。因此，本文提供了关于进一步开发用于 OSC 商业化所需的高效器件的可溶液处理的供体、受体和界面材料的观点和策略。