Malnutrition is common in patients with Crohn's disease and negatively influences immunity and quality of life. The optimal tools for nutrition assessment in patients with Crohn's disease are not clearly defined and lead to variations in practice. With this review, we aimed to appraise the existing evidence for nutrition assessment of patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls and provide a comprehensive guide with relevant measures applicable to clinical practice. A literature search using Medline, Embase, and Scopus from inception to October 1, 2018, was conducted. Forty-one articles that assessed body composition, muscle strength, micronutrient status and/or dietary intake in adults with Crohn's disease compared with an age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. There were heterogeneous findings on nutritional status in patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls. Only one article reported a clinically significant difference for body mass index; however, significant deficits in fat mass, fat-free mass, and muscle strength were observed in patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls, with more pronounced differences with increasing disease activity and length of diagnosis. Most research reported significantly lower serum micronutrients in patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls. Half of studies measuring micronutrient intake reported lower intakes in patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls. Fruit and vegetable intake was also lower in patients with Crohn's disease. Difficulties characterizing the type and prevalence of malnutrition exist due to the heterogeneous nature of Crohn's disease and warrants continued investigation. As a result of this review, we advocate that a nutrition assessment should include more parameters than weight and body mass index.

中文翻译：

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使用人体测量学、生化和饮食指数对克罗恩病进行营养评估：叙述性评论

营养不良在克罗恩病患者中很常见，会对免疫力和生活质量产生负面影响。克罗恩病患者营养评估的最佳工具没有明确定义，并导致实践中的差异。通过本综述，我们旨在评估与健康对照相比，克罗恩病患者营养评估的现有证据，并提供适用于临床实践的相关措施的综合指南。使用 Medline、Embase 和 Scopus 进行了从开始到 2018 年 10 月 1 日的文献检索。41 篇文章评估了克罗恩病成人与年龄和性别匹配的健康个体的身体成分、肌肉力量、微量营养素状况和/或饮食摄入量。与健康对照相比，克罗恩病患者的营养状况存在异质性发现。只有一篇文章报告了体重指数的临床显着差异；然而，与健康对照组相比，克罗恩病患者的脂肪量、无脂肪量和肌肉力量显着减少，随着疾病活动度和诊断时间的增加，差异更加明显。大多数研究报告说，与健康对照相比，克罗恩病患者的血清微量营养素显着降低。一半的测量微量营养素摄入量的研究报告说，与健康对照相比，克罗恩病患者的摄入量较低。克罗恩病患者的水果和蔬菜摄入量也较低。由于克罗恩病的异质性，描述营养不良的类型和患病率存在​​困难，需要继续调查。作为本次审查的结果，我们主张营养评估应包括比体重和体重指数更多的参数。