Background

Children travel with their families, including children with chronic illness. We know that adults with chronic illness who travel are more likely than their healthy peers to become sick while traveling. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify what is known about traveling with children with special health care needs and to identify gaps in our knowledge.

Methods

An Online search of the PubMed, CINAHL and Google databases of English language literature was conducted June 2016, October 2017, June 2018 and April 2019 using the terms children and travel, air travel, travel health, disabled child, children with special healthcare needs, parents of disabled children, vacations, recreation, international, wheelchairs, planning techniques, asthma, diabetes, altitude, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, sickle cell disease, depression, food allergies, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and seizures. The search was limited to years 2000-2019. A secondary search of relevant articles was conducted using the reference sections of articles identified in the primary search.

Results

185 papers were examined for travel health related outcomes for children and adults with chronic diseases. Articles were excluded if they addressed the educational needs of students with disabilities traveling abroad, did not directly address travel health (e.g travel skills, travel itineraries), contained outdated policy statements, or were case reports of a single patient. The remaining 84 papers were organized and reviewed by organ systems. The articles were primarily descriptive and did not lend themselves to a systematic review.

Conclusion

Children traveling with chronic and complex health conditions are a heterogeneous group of vulnerable travelers. Closing the knowledge gap about how to best help these travelers requires a multipronged approach. Research is urgently needed to identify best practices for five of the most common chronic childhood diseases: asthma, depression, ADHD, food allergies and autism. For less common illnesses, ones typically cared for in specialty clinics, expert consensus opinion and multi-center studies are needed. Families and disease advocacy societies should be included in the research as they may have already identified the most pressing travel-related health concerns and solutions for these problems.

中文翻译：

---

我们对有特殊保健需求的儿童的旅行了解多少？文献综述。

背景

儿童与家人一起旅行，包括患有慢性疾病的儿童。我们知道，旅行时患有慢性疾病的成年人比健康的同伴更容易生病。对文献进行了回顾，以了解与有特殊保健需求的儿童一起旅行的已知知识，并找出我们知识上的空白。

方法

2016年6月，2017年10月，2018年6月和2019年4月对PubMed，CINAHL和Google的英语文献数据库进行了在线搜索，其中使用了儿童和旅行，航空旅行，旅行健康，残疾儿童，有特殊医疗保健需求的儿童，残疾儿童的父母，假期，娱乐，国际，轮椅，计划技术，哮喘，糖尿病，高度，囊性纤维化，肠炎，镰状细胞病，抑郁症，食物过敏，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和癫痫发作。搜索仅限于2000-2019年。使用主要搜索中识别出的文章的参考部分，对相关文章进行了二次搜索。

结果

审查了185篇论文，探讨了患有慢性疾病的儿童和成人与旅行健康相关的结果。如果文章满足了出国旅行的残疾学生的教育需求，未直接解决旅行健康问题（例如旅行技能，旅行路线），包含过时的政策声明或只有一名患者的病例报告，则将其排除在外。其余的84篇论文是由器官系统组织和审查的。这些文章主要是描述性的，因此不适合进行系统的审查。

结论

患有慢性和复杂健康状况的儿童是一群易受伤害的旅行者。缩小关于如何最好地帮助这些旅行者的知识鸿沟，需要采取多方面的方法。迫切需要进行研究以找出针对五种最常见的慢性儿童疾病的最佳实践：哮喘，抑郁症，多动症，食物过敏和自闭症。对于不太常见的疾病，通常需要在专科诊所中进行护理，专家共识和多中心研究。研究中应包括家庭和疾病倡导协会，因为他们可能已经确定了与旅行有关的最紧迫的健康问题并解决了这些问题。